PMID- 28802951
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180724
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 278
DP  - 2017 Sep
TI  - Smoke on the water-Oral fluid analysis at sea.
PG  - 361-366
LID - S0379-0738(17)30287-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.028 [doi]
AB  - This study outlines the operational challenges and findings of an illicit drug 
      oral fluid testing program carried out on the skippers (those in charge) of water 
      vessels in Queensland, Australia. Between 2010 and 2016, 953 tests of skippers 
      were conducted on water (waterside) for three proscribed illicit drugs; 
      delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), methylamphetamine (MA) and 
      3,4-methylendioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). 126 (13%) of the skippers tested 
      returned an on-site positive during waterside testing, 125 were confirmed 
      positive for one or more illicit drug by subsequent laboratory analysis, whilst 
      one skipper did not provide an oral fluid sample for confirmatory analysis. The 
      skippers were entirely male (100%) with an average age of 39 years (range 17-59). 
      THC was by far the most common drug detected (91%); MA was detected in 22% of 
      skippers and a combination or THC and MA in 14% of specimens. MDMA was identified 
      only once during the study, this being in combination with THC. As a single 
      waterside operation can take more than a week, operational pre-planning becomes 
      essential. Aspects of the operation such as, weather, shift times, food, testing 
      consumables, sleeping quarters, hygiene, liaison between different agencies and 
      multiple other factors need to be taken into account prior to commencement. A 
      waterside operation must be mobile and, in Queensland at least, able to cover a 
      large area of water. There is also a much lower volume of vessels likely to be 
      encountered at sea compared to a roadside operation targeting motor vehicles.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Griffiths, Andrew
AU  - Griffiths A
AD  - Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support 
      Queensland, Department of Health, 39 Kessels Road Coopers Plains, Queensland, 
      4120, Australia.
FAU - Leonars, Richard
AU  - Leonars R
AD  - Roadside Drug Testing Unit, Road Policing Command, Queensland Police Service, 
      Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Hadley, Lenore
AU  - Hadley L
AD  - Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support 
      Queensland, Department of Health, 39 Kessels Road Coopers Plains, Queensland, 
      4120, Australia.
FAU - Stephenson, Mark
AU  - Stephenson M
AD  - Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support 
      Queensland, Department of Health, 39 Kessels Road Coopers Plains, Queensland, 
      4120, Australia. Electronic address: Mark.Stephenson@health.qld.gov.au.
FAU - Teale, Richard
AU  - Teale R
AD  - Roadside Drug Testing Unit, Road Policing Command, Queensland Police Service, 
      Queensland, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170731
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 7J8897W37S (Dronabinol)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Australia
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Dronabinol/analysis
MH  - *Employment
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*analysis
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/analysis
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis
MH  - *Occupations
MH  - Saliva/*chemistry
MH  - *Ships
MH  - *Substance Abuse Detection
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cannabis
OT  - Drivers
OT  - Oral fluid
OT  - Sea
OT  - Vessels
EDAT- 2017/08/15 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/25 06:00
CRDT- 2017/08/14 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/07/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0379-0738(17)30287-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.028 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2017 Sep;278:361-366. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.028. 
      Epub 2017 Jul 31.