PMID- 28826748
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180625
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1095-9947 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-4648 (Linking)
VI  - 70
DP  - 2017 Nov
TI  - Effects of exposure to multiple heavy metals on biochemical and histopathological 
      alterations in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
PG  - 461-472
LID - S1050-4648(17)30474-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.013 [doi]
AB  - Heavy metals are frequently encountered as mixtures of essential and 
      non-essential elements. Therefore, evaluation of their toxic effects individually 
      does not offer a realistic estimate of their impact on biological processes. We 
      studied effects of exposure to mixtures of essential and toxic metals (Cr, Cd and 
      Pb) on biochemical, immunotoxicity level and morphological characteristics of the 
      various tissues of a biomarker freshwater fish common carp using environmentally 
      relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to metal mixture through tank water 
      for 7, 15 and 30 days, under controlled laboratory conditions. Tissue 
      accumulation of the metals was measured using Atomic Absorption 
      Spectrophotometric techniques. Chromium, cadmium and lead accumulation in muscle, 
      gills, liver, kidney and intestine, tissue of common carp exposed to mixture 
      metals for 30 days increased significant compared with control group (p < 0.001). 
      However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and 
      superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels was significant altered in various tissues of 
      exposed fish. Besides, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significant (p < 0.001) 
      increased. Moreover, the tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL-6), 
      and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) contents in tissues of muscle, gills, liver, kidney and 
      intestine were increased significant compared with control fish (p < 0.001). In 
      addition, microscopic examination of the main alterations in general morphology 
      of fish gills included spiking and fusion of secondary lamellae, formation of 
      club-shaped filaments epithelium in the interlamellar regions and hepatocytes 
      showed damage of central vein and rupture of irregular hepatic plate with more 
      number of vacuoles in the fish exposed to metal mixture for a longer duration (30 
      days). These results of this study clearly demonstrate that concentration 
      individual and mixtures of metals in aquatic systems will greatly influence the 
      cytokine alterations may result in an immune suppression or excessive activation 
      in the treated common carp as well as may cause immune dysfunction or reduced 
      immunity. In conclusion, toxicity of multiple metal mixtures of Cr, Cd and Pb has 
      antioxidant and immunotoxic effects on C. carpio.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Rajeshkumar, Sivakumar
AU  - Rajeshkumar S
AD  - College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
FAU - Liu, Yang
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
FAU - Ma, Junguo
AU  - Ma J
AD  - College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
FAU - Duan, Hong Ying
AU  - Duan HY
AD  - College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
FAU - Li, Xiaoyu
AU  - Li X
AD  - College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China. 
      Electronic address: lixiaoyu65@263.net.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170818
PL  - England
TA  - Fish Shellfish Immunol
JT  - Fish & shellfish immunology
JID - 9505220
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 00BH33GNGH (Cadmium)
RN  - 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium)
RN  - 2P299V784P (Lead)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism
MH  - Cadmium/*toxicity
MH  - Carps/*metabolism
MH  - Chromium/*toxicity
MH  - Lead/*toxicity
MH  - Metals, Heavy/toxicity
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Common carp
OT  - Histopathology
OT  - Immunotoxicity
OT  - Metal mixtures
OT  - Oxidative stress
EDAT- 2017/08/23 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/26 06:00
CRDT- 2017/08/23 06:00
PHST- 2017/05/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/08/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1050-4648(17)30474-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2017 Nov;70:461-472. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.013. Epub 
      2017 Aug 18.