PMID- 28840014
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 2072-1439 (Print)
IS  - 2077-6624 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-1439 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 7
DP  - 2017 Jul
TI  - Cardiovascular benefits of the newer medications for treating type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus.
PG  - 2124-2134
LID - 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.70 [doi]
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is growing in pandemic proportions and is associated with 
      significant morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. Type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) is the most common, accounting for about 90-95% of diagnosed 
      diabetes in United States adults. Individuals with T2DM have a 2- to 3-fold 
      increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events compared with their non-diabetic 
      counterparts, and CV mortality is responsible for around 80% of the mortality in 
      T2DM. Emerging evidence suggest that in T2DM patients, hyperglycemia plays a 
      little role in the progression of CV disease, and metabolic risk factors like 
      insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia are the major 
      culprits in the initiation and progression of CV disease. This calls for 
      development of drugs which control hyperglycemia as well as the various metabolic 
      risk factors in T2DM patients to improve CV outcomes. Recent clinical trials of 
      glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium glucose 
      cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors showed encouraging CV outcomes in T2DM 
      patients, which are attributed to the diverse extra-pancreatic effects of these 
      medications. This review article will discuss the CV benefits of the newer 
      incretin based therapies and SGLT-2 inhibitors as observed in their CV safety 
      trials. As T2DM or insulin resistance syndrome, CV disease, and HF and frequently 
      coexistent, it would be interesting to design studies evaluating the combinations 
      of GLP-1 RAs, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and pioglitazone in T2DM patient at an elevated 
      CV risk, and in non-diabetic patients with insulin resistance to study the 
      possible CV protective role of these combinations.
FAU - Yandrapalli, Srikanth
AU  - Yandrapalli S
AD  - Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New 
      York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
FAU - Aronow, Wilbert S
AU  - Aronow WS
AD  - Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New 
      York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - China
TA  - J Thorac Dis
JT  - Journal of thoracic disease
JID - 101533916
PMC - PMC5542996
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
OT  - cardiovascular outcomes (CV outcomes)
OT  - empagliflozin
OT  - liraglutide
OT  - pioglitazone
OT  - semaglutide
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2017/08/26 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/26 06:01
PMCR- 2017/07/01
CRDT- 2017/08/26 06:00
PHST- 2017/08/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/08/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jtd-09-07-2124 [pii]
AID - 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.70 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Thorac Dis. 2017 Jul;9(7):2124-2134. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.70.