PMID- 28841881
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180607
LR  - 20240326
IS  - 1471-2466 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2466 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Aug 25
TI  - Reference values of fractional excretion of exhaled nitric oxide among 
      non-smokers and current smokers.
PG  - 118
LID - 10.1186/s12890-017-0456-9 [doi]
LID - 118
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) is used to assess of airway 
      inflammation; diagnose asthma and monitor adherence to advised therapy. Reliable 
      and accurate reference values for FE(NO) are needed for both non-smoking and 
      current smoking adults in the clinical setting. The present study was performed 
      to establish reference adult FE(NO) values among never-smokers, former smokers 
      and current smokers. METHODS: FE(NO) was measured in 5265 subjects aged 
      25-75 years in a general-population study, using a chemiluminescence (Niox ) 
      analyser according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society and the 
      European Respiratory Society. Atopy was based on the presence of immunoglobulin E 
      (IgE) antibodies to common inhalant allergens (measured using Phadiatop(R) test). 
      Spirometry without bronchodilation was performed and forced vital capacity (FVC), 
      forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and the ratio of FEV(1) to FVC values were 
      obtained. After excluding subjects with asthma, chronic bronchitis, spirometric 
      airway obstruction and current cold, 3378 subjects remained. Equations for 
      predictions of FE(NO) values were modelled using nonparametric regression models. 
      RESULTS: FE(NO) levels were similar in never-smokers and former smokers, and 
      these two groups were therefore merged into a group termed "non-smokers". 
      Reference equations, including the 5th and 95th percentiles, were generated for 
      female and male non-smokers, based on age, height and atopy. Regression models 
      for current smokers were unstable. Hence, the proposed reference values for 
      current smokers are based on the univariate distribution of FE(NO) and fixed 
      cut-off limits. CONCLUSIONS: Reference values for FE(NO) among respiratory 
      healthy non-smokers should be outlined stratified for gender using individual 
      reference values. For current smokers separate cut-off limits are proposed.
FAU - Toren, Kjell
AU  - Toren K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8509-7603
AD  - Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 
      Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 
      kjell.toren@amm.gu.se.
AD  - Section of Occupational medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology University 
      of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. kjell.toren@amm.gu.se.
FAU - Murgia, Nicola
AU  - Murgia N
AD  - Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 
      Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
AD  - Section of Occupational medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology University 
      of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
FAU - Schioler, Linus
AU  - Schioler L
AD  - Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 
      Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Bake, Bjorn
AU  - Bake B
AD  - Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 
      Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University 
      Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Olin, Anna-Carin
AU  - Olin AC
AD  - Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 
      Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170825
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Pulm Med
JT  - BMC pulmonary medicine
JID - 100968563
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Breath Tests
MH  - *Exhalation
MH  - Female
MH  - Forced Expiratory Volume
MH  - Healthy Volunteers
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nitric Oxide/*analysis
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - *Smokers
MH  - Spirometry
MH  - Sweden
MH  - Vital Capacity
PMC - PMC5574203
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Asthma
OT  - Atopy
OT  - Epidemiology
OT  - FENO
OT  - General population
OT  - Nitric oxide
OT  - Normal values
COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The ethics committee of the 
      University of Gothenburg approved the study and each subject provided written 
      informed consent. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable COMPETING INTERESTS: 
      All authors declared that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: 
      Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published 
      maps and institutional affiliations.
EDAT- 2017/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/08 06:00
PMCR- 2017/08/25
CRDT- 2017/08/27 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12890-017-0456-9 [pii]
AID - 456 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12890-017-0456-9 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Pulm Med. 2017 Aug 25;17(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s12890-017-0456-9.