PMID- 28844938 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181212 LR - 20181212 IS - 1872-8278 (Electronic) IS - 1567-7249 (Linking) VI - 39 DP - 2018 Mar TI - AMC-Bio-Artificial Liver culturing enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in human liver cell lines: The role of oxygen, medium perfusion and 3D configuration. PG - 30-42 LID - S1567-7249(17)30132-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.011 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Human liver cell lines, like HepaRG and C3A, acquire higher functionality when cultured in the AMC-Bio-Artificial Liver (AMC-BAL). The three main differences between BAL and monolayer culture are the oxygenation (40% vs 20%O(2)), dynamic vs absent medium perfusion and 3D vs 2D configuration. Here, we investigated the background of the differences between BAL-cultures and monolayers. METHODS: We performed whole-genome microarray analysis on HepaRG monolayer and BAL-cultures. Next, mitochondrial biogenesis was studied in monolayer and BAL-cultures of HepaRG and C3A. The driving forces for mitochondrial biogenesis by BAL-culturing were investigated in representative culture models differing in oxygenation level, medium flow or 2D vs 3D configuration. RESULTS: Gene-sets related to mitochondrial energy metabolism were most prominently up-regulated in HepaRG-BAL vs monolayer cultures. This was confirmed by a 2.4-fold higher mitochondrial abundance with increased expression of mitochondrial OxPhos complexes. Moreover, the transcript levels of mitochondria-encoded genes were up to 3.6-fold induced and mitochondrial membrane potential activity was 8.3-fold increased in BAL vs monolayers. Culturing with 40% O(2), dynamic medium flow and/or in 3D increased the mitochondrial abundance and expression of mitochondrial complexes vs standard monolayer culturing. The stimulatory effect of the BAL culture on mitochondrial biogenesis was confirmed in C3A cells in which mitochondrial abundance increased 2.2-fold with induction of mitochondria-encoded genes. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The increased functionality of liver cell lines upon AMC-BAL culturing is associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. High oxygenation, medium perfusion and 3D configuration contribute to the up-regulation of the mitochondrial biogenesis. CI - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society. All rights reserved. FAU - Adam, Aziza A A AU - Adam AAA AD - Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - van Wenum, Martien AU - van Wenum M AD - Surgical Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - van der Mark, Vincent A AU - van der Mark VA AD - Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Surgical Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Jongejan, Aldo AU - Jongejan A AD - Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Moerland, Perry D AU - Moerland PD AD - Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Houtkooper, Riekelt H AU - Houtkooper RH AD - Laboratory Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Wanders, Ronald J A AU - Wanders RJA AD - Laboratory Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Oude Elferink, Ronald P AU - Oude Elferink RP AD - Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Chamuleau, Robert A F M AU - Chamuleau RAFM AD - Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Hoekstra, Ruurdtje AU - Hoekstra R AD - Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Surgical Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.hoekstra@amc.uva.nl. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20170824 PL - Netherlands TA - Mitochondrion JT - Mitochondrion JID - 100968751 RN - 0 (Culture Media) RN - S88TT14065 (Oxygen) SB - IM MH - Cell Line MH - Culture Media/chemistry MH - Gene Expression Profiling MH - Hepatocytes/*physiology MH - Humans MH - *Liver, Artificial MH - Microarray Analysis MH - Organ Culture Techniques/*methods MH - *Organelle Biogenesis MH - Oxygen/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bio-artificial liver OT - C3A OT - HepaRG OT - Hepatocyte OT - Mitochondrial biogenesis EDAT- 2017/08/29 06:00 MHDA- 2018/12/13 06:00 CRDT- 2017/08/29 06:00 PHST- 2017/05/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/08/15 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/08/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/08/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/12/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/08/29 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1567-7249(17)30132-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mitochondrion. 2018 Mar;39:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Aug 24.