PMID- 28847134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180504
LR  - 20180504
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 610-611
DP  - 2018 Jan 1
TI  - Brominated flame retardants in black plastic kitchen utensils: Concentrations and 
      human exposure implications.
PG  - 1138-1146
LID - S0048-9697(17)32170-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.173 [doi]
AB  - Concerns exist that restricted brominated flame retardants (BFRs) present in 
      waste polymers may have, as a result of recycling, inadvertently contaminated 
      items not required to meet flame retardancy regulations (e.g. plastic kitchen 
      utensils). To investigate the extent to which kitchen utensils are contaminated 
      with BFRs and the potential for resultant human exposure, we collected 96 plastic 
      kitchen utensils and screened for Br content using a hand-held X-ray fluorescence 
      (XRF) spectrometer. Only 3 out of 27 utensils purchased after 2011 contained 
      detectable concentrations of Br (>/=3mug/g). In contrast, Br was detected in 31 out 
      of the 69 utensils purchased before 2011. Eighteen utensils with Br content 
      higher than 100mug/g, and 12 new utensils were selected for GC-MS analysis of 
      BFRs. BFRs targeted were polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) BDE-28, 47, 99, 
      100, 153, 154, 183 and 209, and novel BFRs (NBFRs) pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 
      2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), 
      1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), 
      bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (BEH-TEBP) and decabromodiphenyl 
      ethane (DBDPE). The ability of XRF to act as a surrogate metric of BFR 
      concentration was indicated by a significant (Spearman coefficient=0.493; 
      p=0.006) positive relationship between Br and SigmaBFR concentration. Measurements of 
      SigmaBFRs were always exceeded by those of Br. This may be due partly to the presence 
      of BFRs not targeted in our study and also to reduced extraction efficiency of 
      BFRs from utensils. Of our target BFRs, BDE-209 was the most abundant one in most 
      samples, but an extremely high concentration (1000mug/g) of BTBPE was found in one 
      utensil. Simulated cooking experiments were conducted to investigate BFR transfer 
      from selected utensils (n=10) to hot cooking oil, with considerable transfer (20% 
      on average) observed. Estimated median exposure via cooking with BFR contaminated 
      utensils was 60ng/day for total BFRs. In contrast, estimated exposure via dermal 
      contact with BFR-containing kitchen utensils was minimal.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kuang, Jiangmeng
AU  - Kuang J
AD  - School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 
      Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Electronic address: kuangjiangmeng@163.com.
FAU - Abdallah, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa
AU  - Abdallah MA
AD  - School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 
      Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
FAU - Harrad, Stuart
AU  - Harrad S
AD  - School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 
      Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Electronic address: S.J.Harrad@bham.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170830
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cooking and Eating Utensils/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Flame Retardants/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Plastics/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BFR
OT  - Human exposure
OT  - Kitchen utensil
OT  - Recycled plastic
OT  - UK
EDAT- 2017/08/30 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/05 06:00
CRDT- 2017/08/30 06:00
PHST- 2017/07/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/08/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/30 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(17)32170-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.173 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 1;610-611:1138-1146. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.173. Epub 2017 Aug 30.