PMID- 28851018
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190718
LR  - 20190718
IS  - 1051-0761 (Print)
IS  - 1051-0761 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 8
DP  - 2017 Dec
TI  - Strong indirect herbicide effects on mycorrhizal associations through plant 
      community shifts and secondary invasions.
PG  - 2359-2368
LID - 10.1002/eap.1613 [doi]
AB  - Million of acres of U.S. wildlands are sprayed with herbicides to control 
      invasive species, but relatively little is known about non-target effects of 
      herbicide use. We combined greenhouse, field, and laboratory experiments 
      involving the invasive forb spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and native 
      bunchgrasses to assess direct and indirect effects of the forb-specific herbicide 
      picloram on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial soil fungi 
      that colonize most plants. Picloram had no effect on bunchgrass viability and 
      their associated AMF in the greenhouse, but killed spotted knapweed and reduced 
      AMF colonization of a subsequent host grown. Results were similar in the field 
      where AMF abundance in bunchgrass-dominated plots was unaffected by herbicides 
      one year after spraying based on 16:1omega5 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and 
      neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) concentrations. In spotted-knapweed-dominated 
      plots, however, picloram application shifted dominance from spotted knapweed, a 
      good AMF host, to bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), a poor AMF host. This 
      coincided with a 63% reduction in soil 16:1omega5 NLFA concentrations but no 
      reduction of 16:1omega5 PLFA. Because 16:1omega5 NLFA quantifies AMF storage lipids and 
      16:1omega5 PLFA occurs in AMF membrane lipids, we speculate that the 
      herbicide-mediated reduction in host quality reduced fungal carbon storage, but 
      not necessarily fungal abundance after one year in the field. Overall, in 
      greenhouse and field experiments, AMF were only affected when picloram altered 
      host quantity and quality. This apparent lack of direct effect was supported by 
      our in-vitro trial where picloram applied to AMF mycelia did not reduce fungal 
      biomass and viability. We show that the herbicide picloram can have profound, 
      indirect effects on AMF within one year. Depending on herbicide-mediated shifts 
      in host quality, rapid interventions may be necessary post herbicide applications 
      to prevent loss of AMF abundance. Future research should assess consequences of 
      these potential shifts for the restoration of native plants that differ in 
      mycorrhizal dependency.
CI  - (c) 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.
FAU - Lekberg, Ylva
AU  - Lekberg Y
AD  - MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA.
AD  - Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, 
      Missoula, Montana, 59802, USA.
FAU - Wagner, Viktoria
AU  - Wagner V
AD  - Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-611 37, 
      Brno, Czech Republic.
FAU - Rummel, Alexii
AU  - Rummel A
AD  - MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA.
FAU - McLeod, Morgan
AU  - McLeod M
AD  - MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA.
FAU - Ramsey, Philip W
AU  - Ramsey PW
AD  - MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171026
PL  - United States
TA  - Ecol Appl
JT  - Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
JID - 9889808
RN  - 0 (Herbicides)
RN  - O7437X49DW (Picloram)
SB  - IM
MH  - Centaurea/*drug effects/microbiology
MH  - Herbicides/*adverse effects
MH  - Montana
MH  - Mycorrhizae/*drug effects
MH  - Picloram/*adverse effects
MH  - Poaceae/*drug effects/microbiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Centaurea stoebe
OT  - Poa bulbosa
OT  - 16:1omega5 lipid analysis
OT  - Tordon
OT  - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
OT  - herbicide application
OT  - invasion meltdown
OT  - picloram
OT  - plant composition
OT  - range restoration
EDAT- 2017/08/30 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/19 06:00
CRDT- 2017/08/30 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/07/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/30 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/eap.1613 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ecol Appl. 2017 Dec;27(8):2359-2368. doi: 10.1002/eap.1613. Epub 2017 Oct 26.