PMID- 28855113
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180601
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-5894 (Electronic)
IS  - 0730-725X (Linking)
VI  - 44
DP  - 2017 Dec
TI  - FPGA implementation of real-time SENSE reconstruction using pre-scan and Emaps 
      sensitivities.
PG  - 82-91
LID - S0730-725X(17)30167-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.mri.2017.08.005 [doi]
AB  - Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) is a widely used technique in Parallel Magnetic 
      Resonance Imaging (MRI) to reduce scan time. Reconfigurable hardware based 
      architecture for SENSE can potentially provide image reconstruction with much 
      less computation time. Application specific hardware platform for SENSE may 
      dramatically increase the power efficiency of the system and can decrease the 
      execution time to obtain MR images. A new implementation of SENSE on Field 
      Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented in this study, which provides 
      real-time SENSE reconstruction right on the receiver coil data acquisition system 
      with no need to transfer the raw data to the MRI server, thereby minimizing the 
      transmission noise and memory usage. The proposed SENSE architecture can 
      reconstruct MR images using receiver coil sensitivity maps obtained using 
      pre-scan and eigenvector (E-maps) methods. The results show that the proposed 
      system consumes remarkably less computation time for SENSE reconstruction, i.e., 
      0.164ms @ 200MHz, while maintaining the quality of the reconstructed images with 
      good mean SNR (29+ dB), less RMSE (<5x10(-2)) and comparable artefact power 
      (<9x10(-4)) to conventional SENSE reconstruction. A comparison of the center line 
      profiles of the reconstructed and reference images also indicates a good quality 
      of the reconstructed images. Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed 
      architectural design can prove to be a significant tool for SENSE reconstruction 
      in modern MRI scanners and its low power consumption feature can be remarkable 
      for portable MRI scanners.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Siddiqui, Muhammad Faisal
AU  - Siddiqui MF
AD  - Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of 
      Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS 
      Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: 
      faisal_siddiqui@comsats.edu.pk.
FAU - Reza, Ahmed Wasif
AU  - Reza AW
AD  - Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Science & Engineering, 
      East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Electronic address: 
      wasif@ewubd.edu.
FAU - Shafique, Abubakr
AU  - Shafique A
AD  - Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information 
      Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: abubakr.shafique@gmail.com.
FAU - Omer, Hammad
AU  - Omer H
AD  - Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information 
      Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: hammad.omer@comsats.edu.pk.
FAU - Kanesan, Jeevan
AU  - Kanesan J
AD  - Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of 
      Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: jeevan@um.edu.my.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170830
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Magn Reson Imaging
JT  - Magnetic resonance imaging
JID - 8214883
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Artifacts
MH  - Head/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Phantoms, Imaging
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - E-SPIRIT
OT  - FPGA
OT  - MRI
OT  - Parallel MRI
OT  - SENSE
EDAT- 2017/09/01 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/02 06:00
CRDT- 2017/09/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/08/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/09/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/09/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0730-725X(17)30167-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.mri.2017.08.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Dec;44:82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.08.005. Epub 2017 
      Aug 30.