PMID- 28863368
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180502
LR  - 20190122
IS  - 1873-4847 (Electronic)
IS  - 0955-2863 (Print)
IS  - 0955-2863 (Linking)
VI  - 49
DP  - 2017 Nov
TI  - Postprandial effect to decrease soluble epoxide hydrolase activity: roles of 
      insulin and gut microbiota.
PG  - 8-14
LID - S0955-2863(17)30340-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.006 [doi]
AB  - Epoxides of free fatty acids (FFAs), especially epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), 
      are lipid mediators with beneficial effects in metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) 
      health. FFA epoxides are quickly metabolized to biologically less active diols by 
      soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Inhibition of sEH, which increases EET levels, 
      improves glucose homeostasis and CV health and is proposed as an effective 
      strategy for the treatment of diabetes and CV diseases. Here, we show evidence 
      that sEH activity is profoundly reduced in postprandial states in rats; plasma 
      levels of 17 sEH products (i.e., FFA diols), detected by targeted oxylipin 
      analysis, all decreased after a meal. In addition, the ratios of sEH product to 
      substrate (sEH P/S ratios), which may reflect sEH activity, decreased ~70% on 
      average 2.5 h after a meal in rats (P<.01). To examine whether this effect was 
      mediated by insulin action, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed for 
      2.5 h, and sEH P/S ratios were assessed before and after the clamp. The clamp 
      resulted in small increases rather than decreases in sEH P/S ratios (P<.05), 
      indicating that insulin cannot account for the postprandial decrease in sEH P/S 
      ratios. Interestingly, in rats treated with antibiotics to deplete gut bacteria, 
      the postprandial effect to decrease sEH P/S ratios was completely abolished, 
      suggesting that a gut bacteria-derived factor(s) may be responsible for the 
      effect. Further studies are warranted to identify such a factor(s) and elucidate 
      the mechanism by which sEH activity (or sEH P/S ratio) is reduced in postprandial 
      states.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yang, Jun
AU  - Yang J
AD  - Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, 
      USA.
FAU - Oh, Young Taek
AU  - Oh YT
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los 
      Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Wan, Debin
AU  - Wan D
AD  - Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, 
      USA.
FAU - Watanabe, Richard M
AU  - Watanabe RM
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los 
      Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of 
      USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Hammock, Bruce D
AU  - Hammock BD
AD  - Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, 
      USA.
FAU - Youn, Jang H
AU  - Youn JH
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los 
      Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: youn@usc.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - P42 ES004699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES002710/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U24 DK097154/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20170721
PL  - United States
TA  - J Nutr Biochem
JT  - The Journal of nutritional biochemistry
JID - 9010081
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Eicosanoids)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Oxylipins)
RN  - 0 (Potassium, Dietary)
RN  - EC 3.3.2.- (Epoxide Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.3.2.10 (EPHX2 protein, rat)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/metabolism/prevention & control
MH  - Eicosanoids/blood/metabolism
MH  - Epoxide Hydrolases/*blood/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Glucose Clamp Technique
MH  - Insulin/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - Insulin Secretion
MH  - Male
MH  - *Meals
MH  - *Models, Biological
MH  - *Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Oxylipins/blood
MH  - Postprandial Period
MH  - Potassium, Dietary/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Solubility
PMC - PMC5858941
MID - NIHMS944350
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Dietary potassium
OT  - FFA epoxides
OT  - Oxylipin analysis
COIS- Disclosure statement: We have no conflicts of interest to disclose in connection 
      with the manuscript.
EDAT- 2017/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/03 06:00
PMCR- 2018/11/01
CRDT- 2017/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/06/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/07/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0955-2863(17)30340-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Nov;49:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.006. Epub 2017 
      Jul 21.