PMID- 2887241
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19870930
LR  - 20190613
IS  - 0006-8993 (Print)
IS  - 0006-8993 (Linking)
VI  - 414
IP  - 2
DP  - 1987 Jun 30
TI  - Synergistic action of thyroid hormone, insulin and hydrocortisone on astrocyte 
      differentiation.
PG  - 301-8
AB  - We report here on the synergistic regulation of astrocyte development by 3 
      hormones: thyroid hormone (TH), insulin, and hydrocortisone (HC). Their effect, 
      in a defined serum-free media, on astrocyte morphology, on glia fibrillary acidic 
      protein (GFAP) immunostaining pattern, and on glutamine synthetase (GS) was 
      investigated. TH transformed the flat, polygonal astrocytes into process-bearing 
      cells. This effect was accentuated by insulin, which by itself had no effect on 
      astrocyte morphology. The morphological transformations were accompanied by 
      changes in the pattern of GFAP immunostaining which indicated a more organized 
      and directed cytoskeleton arrangement in the TH-insulin treated cultures. Over 
      95% of the cells in the culture expressed GFAP. All 3 hormones regulated GS 
      levels. TH increased GS levels by 50% and insulin raised its levels by 3-fold. 
      While having no effect on astrocyte morphology, HC increased GS levels by 
      3.7-fold in both the hormone-free and insulin-supplemented medium. HC acted 
      synergistically with insulin in its action on GS bringing about a 12-fold 
      increase in the enzyme activity. In contrast, TH did not interact with insulin 
      and was additive with HC in its action on GS. The continuous presence of insulin 
      and TH was required to maintain their morphological and GS effect, suggesting 
      that these hormones might not only be important for astrocyte differentiation, 
      but later on for astrocyte function as well. Since astrocytes interact with and 
      affect neurons and oligodendrocytes, the findings reported here might have 
      bearing on the development and function of these other brain cells as well.
FAU - Aizenman, Y
AU  - Aizenman Y
FAU - de Vellis, J
AU  - de Vellis J
LA  - eng
GR  - HD-06576/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Brain Res
JT  - Brain research
JID - 0045503
RN  - 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Thyroid Hormones)
RN  - EC 6.3.1.2 (Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Astrocytes/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Cell Differentiation/drug effects
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cerebral Cortex/cytology
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique
MH  - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
MH  - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism
MH  - Histocytochemistry
MH  - Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology
MH  - Insulin/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Thyroid Hormones/*pharmacology
EDAT- 1987/06/30 00:00
MHDA- 1987/06/30 00:01
CRDT- 1987/06/30 00:00
PHST- 1987/06/30 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1987/06/30 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1987/06/30 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0006-8993(87)90010-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90010-2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Res. 1987 Jun 30;414(2):301-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90010-2.