PMID- 28887938
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180511
LR  - 20180511
IS  - 2214-5532 (Electronic)
IS  - 2214-5524 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2017 Aug
TI  - Measurements of the neutral particle spectra on Mars by MSL/RAD from 2015-11-15 
      to 2016-01-15.
PG  - 12-17
LID - S2214-5524(17)30009-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.06.001 [doi]
AB  - The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), onboard the Mars Science Laboratory 
      (MSL) rover Curiosity, has been measuring the energetic charged and neutral 
      particles and the radiation dose rate on the surface of Mars since the landing of 
      the rover in August 2012. In contrast to charged particles, neutral particles 
      (neutrons and gamma-rays) are measured indirectly: the energy deposition spectra 
      produced by neutral particles are complex convolutions of the incident particle 
      spectra with the detector response functions. An inversion technique has been 
      developed and applied to jointly unfold the deposited energy spectra measured in 
      two scintillators of different types (CsI for high gamma detection efficiency, and 
      plastic for neutrons) to obtain the neutron and gamma-ray spectra. This result is 
      important for determining the biological impact of the Martian surface radiation 
      contributed by neutrons, which interact with materials differently from the 
      charged particles. These first in-situ measurements on Mars provide (1) an 
      important reference for assessing the radiation-associated health risks for 
      future manned missions to the red planet and (2) an experimental input for 
      validating the particle transport codes used to model the radiation environments 
      within spacecraft or on the surface of planets. Here we present neutral particle 
      spectra as well as the corresponding dose and dose equivalent rates derived from 
      RAD measurement during a period (November 15, 2015 to January 15, 2016) for which 
      the surface particle spectra have been simulated via different transport models.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier 
      Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Guo, Jingnan
AU  - Guo J
AD  - Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: 
      guo@physik.uni-kiel.de.
FAU - Zeitlin, Cary
AU  - Zeitlin C
AD  - Leidos, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
FAU - Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert
AU  - Wimmer-Schweingruber R
AD  - Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Hassler, Donald M
AU  - Hassler DM
AD  - Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, Boulder, 
      CO, USA; Institut dAstrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France.
FAU - Kohler, Jan
AU  - Kohler J
AD  - Thales Electronic Systems GmbH, Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Ehresmann, Bent
AU  - Ehresmann B
AD  - Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, Boulder, 
      CO, USA.
FAU - Bottcher, Stephan
AU  - Bottcher S
AD  - Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Bohm, Eckart
AU  - Bohm E
AD  - Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Brinza, David E
AU  - Brinza DE
AD  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170616
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Life Sci Space Res (Amst)
JT  - Life sciences in space research
JID - 101632373
SB  - IM
MH  - Astronauts
MH  - *Cosmic Radiation
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mars
MH  - *Neutrons
MH  - Occupational Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Radiation Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Radiation Protection
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Time Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Galactic cosmic rays
OT  - Inversion technique
OT  - MSL
OT  - Martian radiation environment
OT  - Neutron detection
EDAT- 2017/09/10 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/12 06:00
CRDT- 2017/09/10 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/06/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/06/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/09/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/09/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - S2214-5524(17)30009-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.06.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2017 Aug;14:12-17. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.06.001. 
      Epub 2017 Jun 16.