PMID- 28891932
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180607
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 9
DP  - 2017 Sep 9
TI  - Inadequate Vitamin C Status in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 
      Associations with Glycaemic Control, Obesity, and Smoking.
LID - 10.3390/nu9090997 [doi]
LID - 997
AB  - Vitamin C (ascorbate) is an essential micronutrient in humans, being required for 
      a number of important biological functions via acting as an enzymatic cofactor 
      and reducing agent. There is some evidence to suggest that people with type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have lower plasma vitamin C concentrations compared to 
      those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The aim of this study was to 
      investigate plasma vitamin C concentrations across the glycaemic spectrum and to 
      explore correlations with indices of metabolic health. This is a cross-sectional 
      observational pilot study in adults across the glycaemic spectrum from NGT to 
      T2DM. Demographic and anthropometric data along with information on physical 
      activity were collected and participants were asked to complete a four-day 
      weighed food diary. Venous blood samples were collected and glycaemic indices, 
      plasma vitamin C concentrations, hormone tests, lipid profiles, and 
      high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were analysed. A total of 89 
      participants completed the study, including individuals with NGT (n = 35), 
      prediabetes (n = 25), and T2DM managed by diet alone or on a regimen of Metformin 
      only (n = 29). Plasma vitamin C concentrations were significantly lower in 
      individuals with T2DM compared to those with NGT (41.2 micromol/L versus 57.4 micromol/L, 
      p < 0.05) and a higher proportion of vitamin C deficiency (i.e. <11.0 micromol/L) was 
      observed in both the prediabetes and T2DM groups. The results showed fasting 
      glucose (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), smoking history (p = 0.003), and dietary 
      vitamin C intake (p = 0.032) to be significant independent predictors of plasma 
      vitamin C concentrations. In conclusion, these results suggest that adults with a 
      history of smoking, prediabetes or T2DM, and/or obesity, have greater vitamin C 
      requirements. Future research is required to investigate whether eating more 
      vitamin C rich foods and/or taking vitamin C supplements may reduce the risk of 
      progression to, and/or complications associated with, T2DM.
FAU - Wilson, Renee
AU  - Wilson R
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand. 
      renee.wilson@postgrad.otago.ac.nz.
FAU - Willis, Jinny
AU  - Willis J
AD  - Lipid and Diabetes Research Group, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch 
      8011, New Zealand. jinny.willis@cdhb.health.nz.
FAU - Gearry, Richard
AU  - Gearry R
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand. 
      richard.gearry@otago.ac.nz.
FAU - Skidmore, Paula
AU  - Skidmore P
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. 
      paula.skidmore@otago.ac.nz.
FAU - Fleming, Elizabeth
AU  - Fleming E
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. 
      liz.fleming@otago.ac.nz.
FAU - Frampton, Chris
AU  - Frampton C
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand. 
      chris.frampton@otago.ac.nz.
FAU - Carr, Anitra
AU  - Carr A
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand. 
      anitra.carr@otago.ac.nz.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20170909
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
RN  - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage/*blood
MH  - Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/*blood/complications
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/complications/drug therapy
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastrointestinal Microbiome
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Metformin/therapeutic use
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/*blood/complications
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Prediabetic State/*blood/complications/drug therapy
MH  - Smoking/adverse effects/*blood
MH  - Waist Circumference
PMC - PMC5622757
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - glycaemic control
OT  - metabolic health
OT  - prediabetes
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - vitamin C
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/09/12 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/08 06:00
PMCR- 2017/09/01
CRDT- 2017/09/12 06:00
PHST- 2017/07/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/09/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/09/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu9090997 [pii]
AID - nutrients-09-00997 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu9090997 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2017 Sep 9;9(9):997. doi: 10.3390/nu9090997.