PMID- 28917943
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180129
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-445X (Linking)
VI  - 192
DP  - 2017 Nov
TI  - Chronic fluoride exposure exacerbates headkidney pathology and causes immune 
      commotion in Clarias gariepinus.
PG  - 30-39
LID - S0166-445X(17)30244-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.006 [doi]
AB  - The current study was aimed to understand the effects of chronic fluoride 
      exposure on fish immune system. African sharp tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) 
      were exposed to 73.45mg/L of fluoride corresponding to 1/10 96h LC(50) for 30 d 
      and the effects on general fish health and several immune parameters were 
      studied. Chronic fluoride exposure led to significant alteration in serum 
      biochemical parameters including alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, 
      aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen levels 
      revealing the detrimental effect of fluoride on general fish health. Upregulation 
      in cytochrome P450 1A expression, both at mRNA and protein level suggested that 
      fluoride activates the detoxification machinery in headkidney (HK) of C. 
      gariepinus. Histopathological analysis of HK from exposed fish further revealed 
      fluoride-induced hypertrophy, increase in melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and 
      the development of cell-depleted regions. Fluoride reduced headkidney somatic 
      index (HKSI) and the phagocytic potential of headkidney macrophages (HKM). It 
      induced caspase-3-dependent headkidney leukocyte (HKL) apoptosis, elevated 
      superoxide generation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha besides 
      suppressed T-cell proliferation in the exposed fish. We surmise the elevation in 
      superoxide levels coupled with increased TNF-alpha production to be plausible causes 
      of fluoride-induced HKL apoptosis. It is concluded that chronic fluoride exposure 
      induces structure-function alterations in HK, the primary lymphoid organ in fish 
      leading to impairment in immune responses.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Singh, Rashmi
AU  - Singh R
AD  - Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 
      007, India.
FAU - Hussain, Md Arafat
AU  - Hussain MA
AD  - Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 
      007, India.
FAU - Kumar, Jai
AU  - Kumar J
AD  - Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 
      007, India.
FAU - Kumar, Manmohan
AU  - Kumar M
AD  - Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 
      007, India.
FAU - Kumari, Usha
AU  - Kumari U
AD  - Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 
      007, India.
FAU - Mazumder, Shibnath
AU  - Mazumder S
AD  - Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 
      007, India. Electronic address: shibnath1@yahoo.co.in.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170906
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Aquat Toxicol
JT  - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
JID - 8500246
RN  - 0 (Fish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides)
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
RN  - EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferases)
RN  - EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Transaminase)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3)
RN  - Q80VPU408O (Fluorides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alanine Transaminase/blood
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood
MH  - Caspase 3/metabolism
MH  - *Catfishes/blood/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Cholesterol/blood
MH  - Fish Proteins/blood
MH  - Fluorides/*toxicity
MH  - Head Kidney/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Leukocytes/drug effects
MH  - Macrophages/drug effects
MH  - Superoxides/metabolism
MH  - Triglycerides/blood
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - CYP1A
OT  - Clarias gariepinus
OT  - Fluoride
OT  - Headkidney
OT  - Immunity
OT  - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
EDAT- 2017/09/18 06:00
MHDA- 2018/01/30 06:00
CRDT- 2017/09/18 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/09/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/09/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-445X(17)30244-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aquat Toxicol. 2017 Nov;192:30-39. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 
      Sep 6.