PMID- 28920093
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 8
DP  - 2017 Aug
TI  - Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats.
PG  - e00391
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00391 [doi]
LID - e00391
AB  - Urine excreted from the common grey wolf (Canis lupus) contains a kairomone, 
      inducing fear-related behaviors in various mammals. Numerous fear-inducing 
      substances activate neurons at the main and/or accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), 
      medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus. Our previous study showed that the 
      mixture of pyrazine analogues (P-mix) contained in wolf urine induced avoidance 
      and fear-related behaviors in laboratory mice and Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon 
      yesoensis), a species native to Japan. Exposure to wolf urine or P-mix induced 
      expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal excitation, in the AOB of mice. In the 
      present study, we explored the effects of P-mix on fear-related behaviors and 
      Fos-expression in rats. Exposure to P-mix induced avoidance and immobilization in 
      rats, while that to a mixture of i-amyl acetate, linalool and R(+)-limonene 
      (O-mix), which generate floral and fruity odors, induced avoidance but not 
      immobilization. P-mix but not O-mix increased Fos-immunoreactivity of the AOB, 
      medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus of rats. The present results 
      suggest that P-mix odor induces unlearned fear-related behaviors in rats.
FAU - Kashiwayanagi, Makoto
AU  - Kashiwayanagi M
AD  - Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 
      Hokkaido, Japan.
FAU - Miyazono, Sadaharu
AU  - Miyazono S
AD  - Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 
      Hokkaido, Japan.
FAU - Osada, Kazumi
AU  - Osada K
AD  - Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health 
      Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170830
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC5585003
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Neuroscience
EDAT- 2017/09/19 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/19 06:01
PMCR- 2017/08/30
CRDT- 2017/09/19 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/08/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/09/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/09/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/19 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(17)30357-2 [pii]
AID - e00391 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00391 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2017 Aug 30;3(8):e00391. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00391. eCollection 
      2017 Aug.