PMID- 28951341
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180201
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1872-8227 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-8227 (Linking)
VI  - 134
DP  - 2017 Dec
TI  - Culture characterization of the skin microbiome in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 
      focus on the role of innate immunity.
PG  - 1-7
LID - S0168-8227(17)30959-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.09.007 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: The current study aimed at determining the differences between the 
      cutaneous microbial flora of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 
      those without, and thus evaluate for cutaneous microbiome dysbiosis in diabetes. 
      METHODS: We employed a case-control study design with 41 participants in each 
      group. The skin over the toe-web space was swabbed and cultured aerobically. Data 
      was analyzed for differences in microbial prevalences and growths between the two 
      groups. Predictors for heavy colonization by microbes were analysed using 
      logistic regression. RESULTS: We found significantly higher prevalences of 
      Staphylococcus epidermidis among patients with T2DM (77.5% vs. 53.7%, p=0.02). 
      Further, when prevalent, these bacteria showed a significantly greater degree of 
      skin colonization i.e. CFUs/cm(2) among these patients, p=0.03. Highly pathogenic 
      bacteria such as S. aureus were more prevalent among patients with T2DM. The 
      regression model determined a significant association between T2DM status and 
      heavy colonization by S. epidermidis (OR - 5.40, p=0.02). Also, agricultural 
      workers were significantly more likely to have heavy colonization by S. 
      epidermidis (OR - 3.75, p=0.02). Other predictor variables did not show 
      significant association with heavy colonization by any of the isolated microbes. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the existence of cutaneous microbiome dysbiosis 
      among patients with T2DM. Literature suggests that microbiome dybiosis in T2DM 
      could stem from the same activated innate immune response that is thought to be 
      central to the development of T2DM. This dysbiosis could increase the risk of 
      developing skin infections.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Thimmappaiah Jagadeesh, Akshay
AU  - Thimmappaiah Jagadeesh A
AD  - Kasturba Medical College - Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India.
FAU - Prakash, Peralam Yegneswaran
AU  - Prakash PY
AD  - Medical Mycology Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College - 
      Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India. Electronic address: 
      prakashpy123@yahoo.co.in.
FAU - Karthik Rao, N
AU  - Karthik Rao N
AD  - Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College - Manipal, Manipal University, 
      Karnataka 576104, India.
FAU - Ramya, V
AU  - Ramya V
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College - Manipal, Manipal 
      University, Karnataka 576104, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170922
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract
JT  - Diabetes research and clinical practice
JID - 8508335
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/pathology
MH  - Dysbiosis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Innate/*genetics
MH  - Male
MH  - Microbiota/*genetics
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Skin/*microbiology/pathology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dysbiosis
OT  - Innate immunity
OT  - Microbiome
OT  - Skin flora
OT  - Type 2 diabetes
EDAT- 2017/09/28 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/02 06:00
CRDT- 2017/09/28 06:00
PHST- 2017/06/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/09/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/09/28 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0168-8227(17)30959-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.09.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Dec;134:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.09.007. 
      Epub 2017 Sep 22.