PMID- 28956191 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190626 LR - 20200306 IS - 1573-3254 (Electronic) IS - 1090-7165 (Print) IS - 1090-7165 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 7 DP - 2018 Jul TI - Prevalent Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Increases the Risk of Incident Bacterial Vaginosis in Women from South Africa. PG - 2172-2180 LID - 10.1007/s10461-017-1924-1 [doi] AB - Studies have shown that women diagnosed with herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) have a higher risk for bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection. We investigated the presence of HSV-2 infections as a risk factor for incident BV infections in high risk, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uninfected women enrolled in a HIV prevention trial in Durban, South Africa. The Vaginal and Oral Interventions to Control the Epidemic trial was a multicentre, double blinded, randomized controlled trial which was designed to estimate the effectiveness of daily treatment with vaginal tenofovir gel, oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and oral Truvada in preventing HIV-1 infection in women. Women provided samples for the diagnosis of HSV-2 and BV. The presence of HSV-2 antibodies was detected using HerpeSelect ELISA IgG. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed using the Nugent scoring system. To assess the risk of BV incidence, modelled as a time-dependent variable, we used the Andersen-Gill model with robust variance estimation and Efron methods for ties. Overall, 2750 women were enrolled in the VOICE trial at our study sites. Women who had a HSV-2 infection at enrolment were shown to be at increased risk for incident BV infections (adjusted hazard ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.08, 1.27, p