PMID- 28965404 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171215 LR - 20211204 IS - 1520-5118 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8561 (Linking) VI - 65 IP - 42 DP - 2017 Oct 25 TI - Effects of Long-Term Protein Restriction on Meat Quality, Muscle Amino Acids, and Amino Acid Transporters in Pigs. PG - 9297-9304 LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02746 [doi] AB - This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of protein restriction from piglets to finishing pigs for 16 weeks on meat quality, muscle amino acids, and amino acid transporters. Thirty-nine piglets were randomly divided into three groups: a control (20-18-16% crude protein, CP) and two protein restricted groups (17-15-13% CP and 14-12-10% CP). The results showed that severe protein restriction (14-12-10% CP) inhibited feed intake and body weight, while moderate protein restriction (17-15-13% CP) had little effect on growth performance in pigs. Meat quality (i.e., pH, color traits, marbling, water-holding capacity, and shearing force) were tested, and the results exhibited that 14-12-10% CP treatment markedly improved muscle marbling score and increased yellowness (b*). pH value (45 min) was significantly higher in 17-15-13% CP group than that in other groups. In addition, protein restriction reduced muscle histone, arginine, valine, and isoleucine abundances and enhanced glycine and lysine concentrations compared with the control group, while the RT-PCR results showed that protein restriction downregulated amino acids transporters. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was inactivated in the moderate protein restricted group (17-15-13% CP), while severe protein restriction with dietary 14-12-10% CP markedly enhanced mTOR phosphorylation. In conclusion, long-term protein restriction affected meat quality and muscle amino acid metabolism in pigs, which might be associated with mTOR signaling pathway. FAU - Yin, Jie AU - Yin J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1852-1042 AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Li, Yuying AU - Li Y AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Zhu, Xiaotong AU - Zhu X AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. FAU - Han, Hui AU - Han H AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Ren, Wenkai AU - Ren W AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Chen, Shuai AU - Chen S AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Bin, Peng AU - Bin P AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Liu, Gang AU - Liu G AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. FAU - Huang, Xingguo AU - Huang X AD - Department of Animal Science, Hunan Agriculture University , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China. AD - Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. FAU - Fang, Rejun AU - Fang R AD - Department of Animal Science, Hunan Agriculture University , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China. AD - Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. FAU - Wang, Bin AU - Wang B AD - School of Food, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Higher Education Park in Huaian , Huaian Jiangsu Province 223005, P. R. China. FAU - Wang, Kai AU - Wang K AD - Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China. FAU - Sun, Liping AU - Sun L AD - Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China. FAU - Li, Tiejun AU - Li T AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. FAU - Yin, Yulong AU - Yin Y AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China. AD - Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20171011 PL - United States TA - J Agric Food Chem JT - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JID - 0374755 RN - 0 (Amino Acid Transport Systems) RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (Dietary Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Transport Systems/genetics/*metabolism MH - Amino Acids/*analysis/metabolism MH - Animal Feed/*analysis MH - Animals MH - Color MH - Dietary Proteins/*analysis/metabolism MH - Meat/*analysis MH - Muscle, Skeletal/*chemistry/metabolism MH - Swine/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism MH - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - amino acids OT - meat quality OT - pig OT - protein restriction EDAT- 2017/10/03 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/16 06:00 CRDT- 2017/10/03 06:00 PHST- 2017/10/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/10/03 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02746 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Oct 25;65(42):9297-9304. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02746. Epub 2017 Oct 11.