PMID- 28974018
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180606
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2072-6651 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6651 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2017 Sep 30
TI  - Profiling of Extracellular Toxins Associated with Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison in 
      Prorocentrum lima Culture Medium by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 
      Coupled with Mass Spectrometry.
LID - 10.3390/toxins9100308 [doi]
LID - 308
AB  - Extracellular toxins released by marine toxigenic algae into the marine 
      environment have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, 
      profiling, characterization and quantification of extracellular toxin compounds 
      associated with diarrhetic shellfish poison (DSP) in the culture medium of 
      toxin-producing dinoflagellates were performed using high-performance liquid 
      chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry/tandem mass spectrometry for the 
      first time. Results showed that solid-phase extraction can effectively enrich and 
      clean the DSP compounds in the culture medium of Prorocentrum lima (P. lima), and 
      the proposed method achieved satisfactory recoveries (94.80%-100.58%) and 
      repeatability (relative standard deviation </=9.27%). Commercial software 
      associated with the accurate mass information of known DSP toxins and their 
      derivatives was used to screen and identify DSP compounds. Nine extracellular DSP 
      compounds were identified, of which seven toxins (including OA-D7b, OA-D9b, 
      OA-D10a/b, and so on) were found in the culture medium of P. lima for the first 
      time. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the contents of 
      extracellular DSP compounds in P. lima culture medium were relatively high, and 
      the types and contents of intracellular and extracellular toxins apparently 
      varied in the different growth stages of P. lima. The concentrations of 
      extracellular okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 were within 19.9-34.0 and 
      15.2-27.9 mug/L, respectively. The total concentration of the DSP compounds was 
      within the range of 57.70-79.63 mug/L. The results showed that the proposed method 
      is an effective tool for profiling the extracellular DSP compounds in the culture 
      medium of marine toxigenic algae.
FAU - Pan, Lei
AU  - Pan L
AD  - College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & 
      Technology, Qingdao 266042, China. panleih@outlook.com.
FAU - Chen, Junhui
AU  - Chen J
AD  - Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State 
      Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China. jhchen@fio.org.cn.
AD  - Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National 
      Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. 
      jhchen@fio.org.cn.
FAU - Shen, Huihui
AU  - Shen H
AD  - Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State 
      Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China. shenyghui@outlook.com.
FAU - He, Xiuping
AU  - He X
AD  - Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State 
      Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China. hexiuping@fio.org.cn.
AD  - Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National 
      Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. 
      hexiuping@fio.org.cn.
FAU - Li, Guangjiu
AU  - Li G
AD  - College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & 
      Technology, Qingdao 266042, China. danny-1218@outlook.com.
FAU - Song, Xincheng
AU  - Song X
AD  - Aquatic Product Quality Inspection Center of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, 
      China. lhs15030471@outlook.com.
FAU - Zhou, Deshan
AU  - Zhou D
AD  - Aquatic Product Quality Inspection Center of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, 
      China. yxm17864266113@outlook.com.
FAU - Sun, Chengjun
AU  - Sun C
AD  - Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State 
      Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China. csun@fio.org.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20170930
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxins (Basel)
JT  - Toxins
JID - 101530765
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Marine Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Pyrans)
RN  - 1W21G5Q4N2 (Okadaic Acid)
RN  - 4Q51CVY9O2 (dinophysistoxin 1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Culture Media/*analysis
MH  - Diarrhea
MH  - Dinoflagellida/*metabolism
MH  - Marine Toxins/*analysis
MH  - Okadaic Acid/*analysis
MH  - Pyrans/*analysis
MH  - Shellfish Poisoning
MH  - Solid Phase Extraction
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PMC - PMC5666355
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DSP
OT  - characterization
OT  - extracellular toxins
OT  - harmful marine algae
OT  - profiling
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/10/05 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/07 06:00
PMCR- 2017/10/01
CRDT- 2017/10/05 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/10/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/10/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxins9100308 [pii]
AID - toxins-09-00308 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxins9100308 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxins (Basel). 2017 Sep 30;9(10):308. doi: 10.3390/toxins9100308.