PMID- 28988475
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180613
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 20
DP  - 2017 Oct 17
TI  - Nanoscale Coloristic Pigments: Upper Limits on Releases from Pigmented Plastic 
      during Environmental Aging, In Food Contact, and by Leaching.
PG  - 11669-11680
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.7b02578 [doi]
AB  - The life cycle of nanoscale pigments in plastics may cause environmental or human 
      exposure by various release scenarios. We investigated spontaneous and induced 
      release with mechanical stress during/after simulated sunlight and rain 
      degradation of polyethylene (PE) with organic and inorganic pigments. 
      Additionally, primary leaching in food contact and secondary leaching from 
      nanocomposite fragments with an increased surface into environmental media was 
      examined. Standardized protocols/methods for release sampling, detection, and 
      characterization of release rate and form were applied: Transformation of the 
      bulk material was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), 
      X-ray-tomography and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); releases 
      were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), 
      single-particle-ICP-MS (sp-ICP-MS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), 
      Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), and UV/Vis spectroscopy. In all scenarios, 
      the detectable particulate releases were attributed primarily to contaminations 
      from handling and machining of the plastics, and were not identified with the 
      pigments, although the contamination of 4 mg/kg (Fe) was dwarfed by the 
      intentional content of 5800 mg/kg (Fe as Fe(2)O(3) pigment). We observed 
      modulations (which were at least partially preventable by UV stabilizers) when 
      comparing as-produced and aged nanocomposites, but no significant increase of 
      releases. Release of pigments was negligible within the experimental error for 
      all investigated scenarios, with upper limits of 10 mg/m(2) or 1600 particles/mL. 
      This is the first holistic confirmation that pigment nanomaterials remain 
      strongly contained in a plastic that has low diffusion and high persistence such 
      as the polyolefin High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
FAU - Neubauer, Nicole
AU  - Neubauer N
AD  - BASF SE, Material Physics, GMC/R, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, 
      Germany.
FAU - Scifo, Lorette
AU  - Scifo L
AD  - CEREGE UR 34 Aix Marseille University - CNRS - IRD , 13545, Marseille, 
      Aix-en-Provence France.
FAU - Navratilova, Jana
AU  - Navratilova J
AD  - University of Vienna , Department of Environmental Geosciences, 1090 Vienna, 
      Austria.
FAU - Gondikas, Andreas
AU  - Gondikas A
AD  - University of Vienna , Department of Environmental Geosciences, 1090 Vienna, 
      Austria.
FAU - Mackevica, Aiga
AU  - Mackevica A
AD  - Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering, 2800 
      Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
FAU - Borschneck, Daniel
AU  - Borschneck D
AD  - CEREGE UR 34 Aix Marseille University - CNRS - IRD , 13545, Marseille, 
      Aix-en-Provence France.
FAU - Chaurand, Perrine
AU  - Chaurand P
AD  - CEREGE UR 34 Aix Marseille University - CNRS - IRD , 13545, Marseille, 
      Aix-en-Provence France.
FAU - Vidal, Vladimir
AU  - Vidal V
AD  - CEREGE UR 34 Aix Marseille University - CNRS - IRD , 13545, Marseille, 
      Aix-en-Provence France.
FAU - Rose, Jerome
AU  - Rose J
AD  - CEREGE UR 34 Aix Marseille University - CNRS - IRD , 13545, Marseille, 
      Aix-en-Provence France.
FAU - von der Kammer, Frank
AU  - von der Kammer F
AD  - University of Vienna , Department of Environmental Geosciences, 1090 Vienna, 
      Austria.
FAU - Wohlleben, Wendel
AU  - Wohlleben W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2094-3260
AD  - BASF SE, Material Physics, GMC/R, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, 
      Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171008
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Ferric Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ferric Compounds
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
MH  - *Nanoparticles
MH  - *Plastics
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
EDAT- 2017/10/11 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/14 06:00
CRDT- 2017/10/10 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/10 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.7b02578 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Oct 17;51(20):11669-11680. doi: 
      10.1021/acs.est.7b02578. Epub 2017 Oct 8.