PMID- 29023413
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180530
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 10
DP  - 2017 Oct 12
TI  - Diallylthiosulfinate (Allicin), a Volatile Antimicrobial from Garlic (Allium 
      sativum), Kills Human Lung Pathogenic Bacteria, Including MDR Strains, as a 
      Vapor.
LID - 10.3390/molecules22101711 [doi]
LID - 1711
AB  - Garlic (Allium sativum) has potent antimicrobial activity due to allicin 
      (diallylthiosulfinate) synthesized by enzyme catalysis in damaged garlic tissues. 
      Allicin gives crushed garlic its characteristic odor and its volatility makes it 
      potentially useful for combating lung infections. Allicin was synthesized (>98% 
      pure) by oxidation of diallyl disulfide by H(2)O(2) using formic acid as a catalyst 
      and the growth inhibitory effect of allicin vapor and allicin in solution to 
      clinical isolates of lung pathogenic bacteria from the genera Pseudomonas, 
      Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, 
      was demonstrated. Minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal 
      concentrations (MBC) were determined and compared to clinical antibiotics using 
      standard European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) 
      procedures. The cytotoxicity of allicin to human lung and colon epithelial and 
      murine fibroblast cells was tested in vitro and shown to be ameliorated by 
      glutathione (GSH). Similarly, the sensitivity of rat precision-cut lung slices 
      (PCLS) to allicin was decreased by raising the [GSH] to the approximate blood 
      plasma level of 1 mM. Because allicin inhibited bacterial growth as a vapor, it 
      could be used to combat bacterial lung infections via direct inhalation. Since 
      there are no volatile antibiotics available to treat pulmonary infections, 
      allicin, particularly at sublethal doses in combination with oral antibiotics, 
      could make a valuable addition to currently available treatments.
FAU - Reiter, Jana
AU  - Reiter J
AD  - Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany. 
      jana.reiter@rwth-aachen.de.
FAU - Levina, Natalja
AU  - Levina N
AD  - German National Reference Centre of Streptococci (GNRCS), University Hospital 
      RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany. nlevina@ukaachen.de.
FAU - van der Linden, Mark
AU  - van der Linden M
AD  - German National Reference Centre of Streptococci (GNRCS), University Hospital 
      RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany. mlinden@ukaachen.de.
FAU - Gruhlke, Martin
AU  - Gruhlke M
AD  - Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany. 
      martin.gruhlke@rwth-aachen.de.
FAU - Martin, Christian
AU  - Martin C
AD  - Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen 
      University, 52074 Aachen, Germany. chmartin@ukaachen.de.
FAU - Slusarenko, Alan J
AU  - Slusarenko AJ
AD  - Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany. 
      alan.slusarenko@bio3.rwth-aachen.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171012
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Disulfides)
RN  - 0 (Sulfinic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds)
RN  - 3C39BY17Y6 (allicin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Bacteria/*drug effects
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Disulfides
MH  - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/*drug effects
MH  - Garlic/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung/microbiology
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects
MH  - Sulfinic Acids/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry/*pharmacology
PMC - PMC6151386
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Allium sativum
OT  - MDR strains
OT  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
OT  - Streptococcus pneumoniae
OT  - allicin
OT  - antimicrobial
OT  - garlic
OT  - lung pathogenic bacteria
OT  - volatile antimicrobial agent
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/10/13 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/31 06:00
PMCR- 2017/10/12
CRDT- 2017/10/13 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/10/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/10/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/10/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules22101711 [pii]
AID - molecules-22-01711 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules22101711 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2017 Oct 12;22(10):1711. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101711.