PMID- 29029545 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20191120 IS - 1949-2553 (Electronic) IS - 1949-2553 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 39 DP - 2017 Sep 12 TI - The role of toll-like receptor 4 in tumor microenvironment. PG - 66656-66667 LID - 10.18632/oncotarget.19105 [doi] AB - Tumors are closely related to chronic inflammation, during which there are various changes in inflammatory sites, such as immune cells infiltration, pro-inflammation cytokines production, and interaction between immune cells and tissue cells. Besides, substances, released from both tissue cells attacked by exogenous etiologies, also act on local cells. These changes induce a dynamic and complex microenvironment favorable for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the first identified member of the toll-like receptor family that can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs). TLR4 expresses not only on immune cells but also on tumor cells. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that the activation of TLR4 in tumor microenvironment can not only boost the anti-tumor immunity but also give rise to immune surveillance and tumor progression. This review will summarize the expression and function of TLR4 on dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor cells as well as stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Validation of the multiple role of TLR4 in tumors could primarily pave the road for the development of anti-tumor immunotherapy. FAU - Li, Jing AU - Li J AD - Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. AD - Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. AD - National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. AD - Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. FAU - Yang, Fan AU - Yang F AD - Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. AD - National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. AD - Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China. FAU - Wei, Feng AU - Wei F AD - Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. AD - National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. AD - Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China. FAU - Ren, Xiubao AU - Ren X AD - Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. AD - Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. AD - National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. AD - Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20170708 PL - United States TA - Oncotarget JT - Oncotarget JID - 101532965 PMC - PMC5630445 OTO - NOTNLM OT - TLR4 OT - immune cells OT - tumor cells OT - tumor microenvironment COIS- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No conflicts of interest exists in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. EDAT- 2017/10/17 06:00 MHDA- 2017/10/17 06:01 PMCR- 2017/09/12 CRDT- 2017/10/15 06:00 PHST- 2016/11/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/06/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/10/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/10/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/10/17 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2017/09/12 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 19105 [pii] AID - 10.18632/oncotarget.19105 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 8;8(39):66656-66667. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.19105. eCollection 2017 Sep 12.