PMID- 29029618 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171027 LR - 20220409 IS - 1472-6882 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6882 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Oct 13 TI - Balneotherapeutic effects of high mineral spring water on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance. PG - 481 LID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1985-8 [doi] LID - 481 AB - BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing allergic inflammatory skin disease that currently affects millions of children and adults worldwide. Drugs used to treat these inflammatory diseases include anti-histamines, corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors but these drugs have their limitations such as adverse effects with their long-term usage. Thus, researcher's interest in several alternative and complementary therapies are continually growing and balneotherapy is one of these approaches. Therefore, we investigate the bathing effect of high concentration mineral spring water (HMW) on redox balance and immune modulation in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis like inflammation in hairless mice. METHODS: We induced AD-like inflammation by application of DNCB on the dorsal skin of female skh-1 hairless mice. The mice were treated with 100% pure HMW (PHMW) and 10% diluted HMW (DHMW) through bathing once a day for 4 weeks. Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) was used as positive control (PC) and only DNCB treatment as negative control (NeC) group. The severity of skin lesion inflammation was assessed through clinical scoring and observing scratching behavior. Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA and multiplex bead array system, and the levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme were also measured. RESULTS: We found that HMW significantly decreased the scratching behavior in PHMW and DHMW groups at the 2nd week and in PHMW group at 4th week compared to NeC group. Likewise, serum IgE level was significantly decreased in DHMW group as compared to NeC group. In line, the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly inhibited in PHMW and DHMW groups compared to NeC group. In parallel, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) of serum level was significantly decreased in PHMW treatment groups compared to NeC group. Consistently, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in PHMW group was lower than in NeC group. By contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly enhanced in PHMW than NeC. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our study indicates a balneotherapeutic effect of HMW on DNCB-induced AD like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance. FAU - Bajgai, Johny AU - Bajgai J AD - Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. FAU - Fadriquela, Ailyn AU - Fadriquela A AD - Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. FAU - Ara, Jesmin AU - Ara J AD - Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. FAU - Begum, Rahima AU - Begum R AD - Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. FAU - Ahmed, Md Faruk AU - Ahmed MF AD - Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Cheol-Su AU - Kim CS AD - Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Soo-Ki AU - Kim SK AD - Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. FAU - Shim, Kwang-Yong AU - Shim KY AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. kyshim@yonsei.ac.kr. FAU - Lee, Kyu-Jae AU - Lee KJ AD - Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 26426, Republic of Korea. medbio9@gmail.com. AD - Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development (IPAID), Yonsei University, Wonju Campus, Wonju, Gangwon, 26493, Republic of Korea. medbio9@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20171013 PL - England TA - BMC Complement Altern Med JT - BMC complementary and alternative medicine JID - 101088661 RN - 0 (Dinitrochlorobenzene) RN - 0 (Mineral Waters) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Balneology MH - Dermatitis, Atopic/chemically induced/pathology/*therapy MH - Dinitrochlorobenzene/adverse effects MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Female MH - Immunomodulation MH - Mice MH - Mice, Hairless MH - Mineral Waters/*therapeutic use MH - Oxidation-Reduction MH - Skin/pathology PMC - PMC5640926 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Atopic dermatitis OT - Balneotherapy OT - High mineral spring water OT - Immunomodulation OT - Redox balance COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The study protocol of the present study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Wonju Campus, (Ethical approval no:YWC-160513-1) Yonsei University, Gangwon, Wonju and Republic of Korea. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2017/10/17 06:00 MHDA- 2017/10/28 06:00 PMCR- 2017/10/13 CRDT- 2017/10/15 06:00 PHST- 2017/05/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/10/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/10/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/10/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/10/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/10/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1985-8 [pii] AID - 1985 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1985-8 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Oct 13;17(1):481. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1985-8.