PMID- 29036764
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231112
IS  - 2233-6834 (Print)
IS  - 2233-6842 (Electronic)
IS  - 2233-6834 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Sep 30
TI  - Hippotherapy and neurofeedback training effect on the brain function and serum 
      brain-derived neurotrophic factor level changes in children with 
      attention-deficit or/and hyperactivity disorder.
PG  - 35-42
LID - 10.20463/jenb.2017.0018 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hippotherapy 
      and electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback on brain function and blood 
      brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in children with attention-deficit 
      or/and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Sixteen children with ADHD 
      participated in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups, a 1-time 
      hippotherapy group (W1G, n = 8) and a 2-time hippotherapy group (W2G, n = 8). All 
      the participants attended 8 weeks of hippotherapy program in the primary 
      training, and then 7 children with ADHD attended 8 weeks of hippotherapy program 
      combined with neurofeedback training in the secondary training. Blood BDNF levels 
      were measured, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed. 
      The EEG neurofeedback training program was used to train and measure 
      psychological factors. RESULTS: The combined effect of hippotherapy and 
      neurofeedback on BDNF level showed a decreased tendency in W1G (pretraining, 
      1766.03 +/- 362.54 pg/ml; posttraining, 1630.65 +/- 276.70 pg/ml). However, the BDNF 
      level of W2G showed an increased tendency (pretraining, 1968.28 +/- 429.08 pg/ml; 
      posttraining, 1976.28 +/- 425.35 pg/ml). Moreover, combined training showed a 
      significant group x repetition interaction in W1G (pretraining, 1436.57 +/- 368.76 
      pg/ml; posttraining, 1525.23 +/- 346.22 pg/ml; F = 3.870, p = 0.039). fMRI results 
      showed that the left thalamus activity in both groups had a decreased tendency 
      and a significantly lower change in W2G than in W1G (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This 
      study confirmed a significant increase in blood BDNF level after combined 
      training, which may induce brain function improvement in children with ADHD.
CI  - (c)2017 The Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition
FAU - Lee, Namju
AU  - Lee N
AD  - Department of Sports Medicine, School of Sports Sciences, Jungwon University, 
      Goesan-gun, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Park, Sok
AU  - Park S
AD  - Department of Sports Leadership, College of Natural Science, Kwangwoon 
      University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jongkyu
AU  - Kim J
AD  - Aribio Sports Science Institute , Sungnam, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - J Exerc Nutrition Biochem
JT  - Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry
JID - 101572566
PMC - PMC5643204
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ADHD
OT  - Brain function
OT  - Hippotherapy
EDAT- 2017/10/17 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/17 06:01
PMCR- 2017/09/30
CRDT- 2017/10/17 06:00
PHST- 2017/05/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/10/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/10/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/09/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JENB_2017_v21n3 [pii]
AID - JENB_2017_v21n3_35 [pii]
AID - 10.20463/jenb.2017.0018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2017 Sep 30;21(3):35-42. doi: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0018.