PMID- 29040923
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180710
LR  - 20180710
IS  - 1873-3379 (Electronic)
IS  - 0891-4222 (Linking)
VI  - 71
DP  - 2017 Dec
TI  - Six factors of adult dyslexia assessed by cognitive tests and self-report 
      questions: Very high predictive validity.
PG  - 143-168
LID - S0891-4222(17)30233-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.010 [doi]
AB  - The Multiple Diagnostic Digital Dyslexia Test for Adults (MDDDT-A) consists of 12 
      newly developed tests and self-report questions in the Dutch language. Predictive 
      validity and construct validity were investigated and compared with validity of a 
      standard test battery of dyslexia (STB) in a sample of 154 students. There are 
      three main results. First, various analyses of principal components showed that 
      six or more factors of dyslexia can be distinguished (rapid naming, spelling, 
      reading, short-term memory, confusion, phonology, attention, complexity). All 
      factors are represented by the MDDDT-A. Second, various discriminant analyses 
      showed good predictive validity for both the tests of the MDDDT-A (90%) and the 
      STB (90%). However, predictive validity of the questionnaire was highest (97%). 
      Third, we analysed the best predictors of dyslexia and found that predictive 
      validity is higher when construct validity is high, that is when a set of 
      predictors represents many characteristics of dyslexia. The main conclusion is 
      that a digital test battery can be a reliable screening instrument for dyslexia 
      in students, especially when it is accompanied by self-report questions. A 
      theoretical conclusion is that dyslexia is characterized by at least six 
      cognitive impairments in a complex way. In students, this structure may be 
      modulated by high intelligence and good schooling through various compensation 
      strategies. It is therefore recommended to include assessments of all 
      characteristics of dyslexia to achieve the most reliable diagnoses in different 
      samples and in different countries.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Tamboer, Peter
AU  - Tamboer P
AD  - University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Nieuwe 
      Achtergracht 127, 1018WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: 
      petertamboer@kpnmail.nl.
FAU - Vorst, Harrie C M
AU  - Vorst HCM
AD  - University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Nieuwe 
      Achtergracht 127, 1018WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: 
      H.C.M.Vorst@uva.nl.
FAU - de Jong, Peter F
AU  - de Jong PF
AD  - University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Nieuwe 
      Achtergracht 127, 1018WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: 
      P.F.deJong@uva.nl.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171015
PL  - United States
TA  - Res Dev Disabil
JT  - Research in developmental disabilities
JID - 8709782
SB  - IM
MH  - *Attention
MH  - Cognitive Dysfunction/*psychology
MH  - Discriminant Analysis
MH  - Dyslexia/physiopathology/*psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intelligence
MH  - Male
MH  - *Memory, Short-Term
MH  - Netherlands
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Phonetics
MH  - Principal Component Analysis
MH  - *Reading
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - *Self Report
MH  - Students
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Digital assessment
OT  - Discriminant analysis
OT  - Dyslexia
OT  - Principal components analysis
OT  - Self-report questions
EDAT- 2017/10/19 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/11 06:00
CRDT- 2017/10/18 06:00
PHST- 2016/10/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/10/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0891-4222(17)30233-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Dec;71:143-168. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.010. Epub 2017 
      Oct 15.