PMID- 29050822
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180425
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-2380 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9290 (Linking)
VI  - 64
DP  - 2017 Nov 7
TI  - A comparison and update of direct kinematic-kinetic models of leg stiffness in 
      human running.
PG  - 253-257
LID - S0021-9290(17)30501-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.09.028 [doi]
AB  - Direct kinematic-kinetic modelling currently represents the "Gold-standard" in 
      leg stiffness quantification during three-dimensional (3D) motion capture 
      experiments. However, the medial-lateral components of ground reaction force and 
      leg length have been neglected in current leg stiffness formulations. It is 
      unknown if accounting for all 3D would alter healthy biologic estimates of leg 
      stiffness, compared to present direct modelling methods. This study compared 
      running leg stiffness derived from a new method (multiplanar method) which 
      includes all three Cartesian axes, against current methods which either only 
      include the vertical axis (line method) or only the plane of progression 
      (uniplanar method). Twenty healthy female runners performed shod overground 
      running at 5.0 m/s. Three-dimensional motion capture and synchronised in-ground 
      force plates were used to track the change in length of the leg vector (hip joint 
      centre to centre of pressure) and resultant projected ground reaction force. Leg 
      stiffness was expressed as dimensionless units, as a percentage of an 
      individual's bodyweight divided by standing leg length (BW/LL). Leg stiffness 
      using the line method was larger than the uniplanar method by 15.6%BW/LL 
      (P < .001), and multiplanar method by 24.2%BW/LL (P < .001). Leg stiffness from 
      the uniplanar method was larger than the multiplanar method by 8.5%BW/LL 
      (6.5 kN/m) (P < .001). The inclusion of medial-lateral components significantly 
      increased leg deformation magnitude, accounting for the reduction in leg 
      stiffness estimate with the multiplanar method. Given that limb movements 
      typically occur in 3D, the new multiplanar method provides the most complete 
      accounting of all force and length components in leg stiffness calculation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Liew, Bernard X W
AU  - Liew BXW
AD  - School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, 
      Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Electronic address: b.liew@postgrad.curtin.edu.au.
FAU - Morris, Susan
AU  - Morris S
AD  - School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, 
      Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
FAU - Masters, Ashleigh
AU  - Masters A
AD  - School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, 
      Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
FAU - Netto, Kevin
AU  - Netto K
AD  - School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, 
      Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171006
PL  - United States
TA  - J Biomech
JT  - Journal of biomechanics
JID - 0157375
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
MH  - Female
MH  - Hip Joint/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Leg/*physiology
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Posture
MH  - Range of Motion, Articular
MH  - Running/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Kinematics
OT  - Kinetics
OT  - Running
OT  - Stiffness
EDAT- 2017/10/21 06:00
MHDA- 2018/04/26 06:00
CRDT- 2017/10/21 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/10/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/04/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9290(17)30501-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.09.028 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Biomech. 2017 Nov 7;64:253-257. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.09.028. Epub 2017 
      Oct 6.