PMID- 29054084
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180308
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 191
DP  - 2018 Jan
TI  - Occurrence and levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in farmed and wild 
      marine fish from Tanzania. A pilot study.
PG  - 438-449
LID - S0045-6535(17)31548-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.121 [doi]
AB  - In 2016, farmed and wild milkfish (Chanos chanos) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) 
      from Tanzania mainland (Mtwara) and Zanzibar islands (Pemba and Unguja) were 
      collected for analyses of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Fish livers were 
      analysed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 
      brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Muscle tissue was used for analyses of 
      perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The major contaminant was p,p'-DDE. The 
      highest p,p'-DDE concentration was found in wild milkfish from Mtwara 
      (715.27 ng/g lipid weight (lw)). This was 572 times higher than the maximum level 
      detected in farmed milkfish from the same area. The ratios of p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT 
      in wild milkfish and mullet from Mtwara and Pemba indicate historical use of DDT. 
      In contrast, ratios in farmed milkfish from Unguja and Mtwara, suggest recent 
      use. The levels of HCB, HCHs and trans-nonachlor were low.  summation operator(10)PCBs levels were 
      low, ranging from <LOD to 8.13 ng/g lw with the highest mean level found in 
      farmed milkfish from Shakani, Unguja (3.94 ng/g lw). The PCB pattern was 
      dominated by PCB -153 > -180> -138. PBDEs were detected in low and varying levels 
      in all locations. BDE-47 was the dominating congener, and the highest level was 
      found in farmed milkfish from Jozani (1.55 ng/g lw). HBCDD was only detected in 
      wild mullet from Pemba at a level of 16.93 ng/g lw. PFAS was not detected in any 
      of the samples. POP levels differed between geographic areas and between farmed 
      and wild fish. Human activities seem to influence levels on PCBs and PBDEs on 
      Unguja.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mwakalapa, Eliezer Brown
AU  - Mwakalapa EB
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Marine Sciences, 
      University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 668, Mizingani Road, Zanzibar, Tanzania; 
      Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and 
      Technology, P. O. Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania.
FAU - Mmochi, Aviti John
AU  - Mmochi AJ
AD  - Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 668, 
      Mizingani Road, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
FAU - Muller, Mette Helen Bjorge
AU  - Muller MHB
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Mdegela, Robinson Hammerthon
AU  - Mdegela RH
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of 
      Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
FAU - Lyche, Jan Ludvig
AU  - Lyche JL
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Polder, Anuschka
AU  - Polder A
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
      anuschka.polder@nmbu.no.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170926
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 0N97R5X10X (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - 3734-49-4 (nonachlor)
RN  - 4M7FS82U08 (Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - ZRU0C9E32O (2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Fishes/*metabolism
MH  - Flame Retardants/metabolism
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/metabolism
MH  - Indian Ocean Islands
MH  - Pesticides/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism
MH  - Tanzania
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aquaculture
OT  - DDTs
OT  - Milkfish
OT  - Mullets
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
OT  - Tanzania
EDAT- 2017/10/21 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/09 06:00
CRDT- 2017/10/21 06:00
PHST- 2017/06/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/10/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(17)31548-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.121 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;191:438-449. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.121. Epub 
      2017 Sep 26.