PMID- 29057388
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 2471-2701 (Print)
IS  - 2471-2701 (Electronic)
IS  - 2471-2701 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Sep
TI  - Overlapping Risky Decision-Making and Olfactory Processing Ability in 
      HIV-Infected Individuals.
LID - 160 [pii]
LID - 10.4172/2471-2701.1000160 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Given neuroimaging evidences of overlap in the circuitries for 
      decision-making and olfactory processing, we examined the hypothesis that 
      impairment in psychophysical tasks of olfaction would independently predict poor 
      performances on Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a laboratory task that closely mimics 
      real-life decision-making, in a US cohort of HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. 
      METHOD: IGT and psychophysical tasks of olfaction were administered to a 
      Washington DC-based cohort of largely African American HIV+ subjects (N=100), and 
      to a small number of demographically-matched non-HIV healthy controls (N=43) from 
      a different study. Constructs of olfactory ability and decision-making were 
      examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation models 
      (SEMs) were used to evaluate the validity of the path relationship between these 
      two constructs. RESULT: The 100 HIV+ participants (56% female; 96% African 
      Americans; median age = 48 years) had median CD4 count of 576 cells/mul and median 
      HIV RNA viral load <48 copies per milliliter. Majority of HIV+ participants 
      performed randomly throughout the course of IGT tasks, and failed to demonstrate 
      a learning curve. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a 
      unidimensional factor underlying poor performances on IGT. Nomological validity 
      for correlations between olfactory ability and IGT performance was confirmed 
      through SEM. Finally, factor scores of olfactory ability and IGT performance 
      strongly predicted 6 months history of drug use, while olfaction additionally 
      predicted hallucinogen use. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that combination of 
      simple, office-based tasks of olfaction and decision-making may identify those 
      HIV+ individuals who are more prone to risky decision-making. This finding may 
      have significant clinical, public health value if joint impairments in olfaction 
      and IGT task correlates with more decreased activity in brain regions relevant to 
      decision-making.
FAU - Jackson, Christopher
AU  - Jackson C
AD  - College of Medicine, Howard University, USA.
FAU - Rai, Narayan
AU  - Rai N
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Georgia Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 
      USA.
FAU - McLean, Charlee K
AU  - McLean CK
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Georgia Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 
      USA.
FAU - Hipolito, Maria Mananita S
AU  - Hipolito MMS
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Georgia Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 
      USA.
FAU - Hamilton, Flora Terrell
AU  - Hamilton FT
AD  - Family and Medical Counseling Service, Inc., Washington, DC, USA.
FAU - Kapetanovic, Suad
AU  - Kapetanovic S
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Nwulia, Evaristus A
AU  - Nwulia EA
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Georgia Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - HHSN261200800001C/RC/CCR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HHSN261200800001E/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH091460/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170815
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Exp Psychol
JT  - Clinical and experimental psychology
JID - 101712258
PMC - PMC5648356
MID - NIHMS902426
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cognitive function
OT  - HIV
OT  - Iowa Gambling Task
OT  - Olfaction
EDAT- 2017/10/24 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/24 06:01
PMCR- 2017/10/19
CRDT- 2017/10/24 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/10/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 160 [pii]
AID - 10.4172/2471-2701.1000160 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Exp Psychol. 2017 Sep;3(3):160. doi: 10.4172/2471-2701.1000160. Epub 2017 
      Aug 15.