PMID- 29064407 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180711 LR - 20181113 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 10 DP - 2017 Oct 24 TI - Flavonoid Naringenin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Improves Neurotrophic Effects in the Diabetic Rat Retina. LID - 10.3390/nu9101161 [doi] LID - 1161 AB - Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of decreased vision and blindness worldwide. Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is believed to be the key factor that initiates neuronal damage in the diabetic retina leading to DR. Experimental approaches to utilize dietary flavonoids, which possess both antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, might protect the retinal damage in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of naringenin in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were orally treated and untreated with naringenin (50 mg/kg/day) for five weeks and retinas were analyzed for markers of oxidative stress, apoptosis and neurotrophic factors. Systemic effects of naringenin treatments were also analyzed and compared with untreated groups. The results showed that elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and decreased level of glutathione (GSH) in diabetic rats were ameliorated with naringenin treatments. Moreover, decreased levels of neuroprotective factors (Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) and synaptophysin in diabetic retina were augmented with naringenin treatments. In addition, naringenin treatment ameliorated the levels of apoptosis regulatory proteins; B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 in the diabetic retina. Thus, the study demonstrates the beneficial effects of naringenin that possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, which may limit neurodegeneration by providing neurotrophic support to prevent retinal damage in diabetic retinopathy. FAU - Al-Dosari, Dalia I AU - Al-Dosari DI AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Dalia.ib89@gmail.com. FAU - Ahmed, Mohammed M AU - Ahmed MM AD - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. mmahmedd@ksu.edu.sa. FAU - Al-Rejaie, Salim S AU - Al-Rejaie SS AD - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. rejaie@ksu.edu.sa. FAU - Alhomida, Abdullah S AU - Alhomida AS AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. alhomida@ksu.edu.sa. FAU - Ola, Mohammad S AU - Ola MS AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. mola@ksu.edu.sa. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20171024 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Bax protein, rat) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) RN - 0 (Flavanones) RN - 0 (Flavonoids) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins) RN - 0 (Synaptophysin) RN - 0 (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) RN - 0 (bcl-2-Associated X Protein) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Casp3 protein, rat) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3) RN - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione) RN - HN5425SBF2 (naringenin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Apoptosis/*drug effects MH - Blood Glucose/metabolism MH - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism MH - Caspase 3/genetics/metabolism MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy MH - Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Flavanones/*pharmacology MH - Flavonoids/*pharmacology MH - Glutathione/metabolism MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology MH - Male MH - Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Retina/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Synaptophysin/blood MH - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism MH - bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics/metabolism PMC - PMC5691777 OTO - NOTNLM OT - apoptosis OT - diabetic retinopathy OT - flavonoid OT - naringenin OT - neurotrophic factor OT - oxidative stress COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2017/10/25 06:00 MHDA- 2018/07/12 06:00 PMCR- 2017/10/01 CRDT- 2017/10/25 06:00 PHST- 2017/09/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/10/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/10/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/10/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/10/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/07/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu9101161 [pii] AID - nutrients-09-01161 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu9101161 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2017 Oct 24;9(10):1161. doi: 10.3390/nu9101161.