PMID- 29071218
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 2228-5881 (Print)
IS  - 2251-7308 (Electronic)
IS  - 2228-5881 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Sep
TI  - Melatonin and N- Acetylcysteine as Remedies for Tramadol-Induced Hepatotoxicity 
      in Albino Rats.
PG  - 367-374
LID - 10.15171/apb.2017.044 [doi]
AB  - Purpose: The therapeutic benefit derived from the clinical use of tramadol (TD) 
      has been characterized by hepatotoxicity due to misuse and abuse. The 
      implications of drug-induced hepatotoxicity include socio-economic burden which 
      makes the search for remedy highly imperative. The present study investigated the 
      protective effects of melatonin (MT) and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) on TD-induced 
      hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Methods: Forty five adult rats used for this study 
      were divided into nine groups of five rats each. The rats were pretreated with 
      10mg/kg/day of NAC, 10mg/kg/day of MT and combined doses of NAC and MT prior to 
      the administration of 15 mg/kg/day of TD intraperitoneally for 7 days 
      respectively. At the termination of drug administration, rats were weighed, 
      sacrificed, and serum was extracted and evaluated for liver function parameters. 
      The liver was harvested, weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress indices and 
      liver enzymes. Results: Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate 
      aminotransferase, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and malondialdehyde 
      levels were significantly (P<0.05) increased in rats administered with TD when 
      compared to control. Furthermore, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase 
      levels were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in rats administered with TD when 
      compared to control. The Liver of TD-treated rats showed necrosis of hepatocytes. 
      However, the observed biochemical and liver histological alterations in 
      TD-treated rats were attenuated in NAC and MT pretreated rats. Interestingly, 
      pretreatment with combined doses of NAC and MT produced significant (P<0.05) 
      effects on all evaluated parameters in comparison to their individual doses. 
      Conclusion: Based on the findings in this study, melatonin and n- acetylcysteine 
      could be used clinically as remedies for tramadol associated hepatotoxity.
FAU - Adikwu, Elias
AU  - Adikwu E
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port 
      Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
FAU - Bokolo, Bonsome
AU  - Bokolo B
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Niger Delta 
      University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170925
PL  - Iran
TA  - Adv Pharm Bull
JT  - Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin
JID - 101578021
PMC - PMC5651057
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antioxidants
OT  - Liver
OT  - Pretreatment
OT  - Rat
OT  - Toxicity
OT  - Tramadol
EDAT- 2017/10/27 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/27 06:01
PMCR- 2017/09/01
CRDT- 2017/10/27 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/07/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/10/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/10/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.15171/apb.2017.044 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Pharm Bull. 2017 Sep;7(3):367-374. doi: 10.15171/apb.2017.044. Epub 2017 Sep 
      25.