PMID- 29089913
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1664-1078 (Print)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Linking)
VI  - 8
DP  - 2017
TI  - Diabetes-Related Distress and Depressive Symptoms Are Not Merely Negative over a 
      3-Year Period in Malaysian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Regular 
      Primary Diabetes Care.
PG  - 1834
LID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01834 [doi]
LID - 1834
AB  - For people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the daily maintenance of physical 
      and psychological health is challenging. However, the interrelatedness of these 
      two health domains, and of diabetes-related distress (DRD) and depressive 
      symptoms, in the Asian population is still poorly understood. DRD and depressive 
      symptoms have important but distinct influences on diabetes self-care and disease 
      control. Furthermore, the question of whether changes in DRD or depressive 
      symptoms follow a more or less natural course or depend on disease and 
      therapy-related factors is yet to be answered. The aim of this study was to 
      identify the factors influencing changes in DRD or depressive symptoms, at a 
      3-year follow-up point, in Malaysian adults with T2DM who received regular 
      primary diabetes care. Baseline data included age, sex, ethnicity, marital 
      status, educational level, employment status, health-related quality of life 
      (WHOQOL-BREF), insulin use, diabetes-related complications and HbA1c. DRD was 
      assessed both at baseline and after 3 years using a 17-item Diabetes Distress 
      Scale (DDS-17), while depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health 
      Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Linear mixed models were used to examine the relationship 
      between baseline variables and change scores in DDS-17 and PHQ-9. Almost half 
      (336) of 700 participants completed both measurements. At follow-up, their mean 
      (SD) age and diabetes duration were 60.6 (10.1) years and 9.8 (5.9) years, 
      respectively, and 54.8% were women. More symptoms of depression at baseline was 
      the only significant and independent predictor of improved DRD at 3 years 
      (adjusted beta = -0.06, p = 0.002). Similarly, worse DRD at baseline was the only 
      significant and independent predictor of fewer depressive symptoms 3 years later 
      (adjusted beta = -0.98, p = 0.005). Thus, more "negative feelings" at baseline could 
      be a manifestation of initial coping behaviors or a facilitator of a better 
      psychological coaching by physicians or nurses that might be beneficial in the 
      long term. We therefore conclude that initial negative feelings should not be 
      seen as a necessarily adverse factor in diabetes care.
FAU - Chew, Boon-How
AU  - Chew BH
AD  - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
AD  - Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary 
      Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
FAU - Vos, Rimke C
AU  - Vos RC
AD  - Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary 
      Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
FAU - Stellato, Rebecca K
AU  - Stellato RK
AD  - Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary 
      Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
FAU - Rutten, Guy E H M
AU  - Rutten GEHM
AD  - Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary 
      Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171017
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychol
JT  - Frontiers in psychology
JID - 101550902
PMC - PMC5651035
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HbA1c
OT  - NCT02730754
OT  - complications
OT  - depression
OT  - diabetes distress
OT  - https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02730754.
OT  - primary care
OT  - quality of life
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2017/11/02 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/02 06:01
PMCR- 2017/10/17
CRDT- 2017/11/02 06:00
PHST- 2017/05/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/10/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/11/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01834 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychol. 2017 Oct 17;8:1834. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01834. eCollection 
      2017.