PMID- 29092743
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180309
LR  - 20180309
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 618
DP  - 2018 Mar 15
TI  - Thermal regime of warm-dry permafrost in relation to ground surface temperature 
      in the Source Areas of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet 
      Plateau, SW China.
PG  - 1033-1045
LID - S0048-9697(17)32425-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.083 [doi]
AB  - Ecology, hydrology, and natural resources in the source areas of the Yangtze and 
      Yellow rivers (SAYYR) are closely linked to interactions between climate and 
      permafrost. However, a comprehensive study of the interactions is currently 
      hampered by sparsely- and unevenly-distributed monitoring sites and limited field 
      investigations. In this study, the thermal regime of warm-dry permafrost in the 
      SAYYR was systematically analyzed based on extensive data collected during 
      2010-2016 of air temperature (T(a)), ground surface temperature (GST) and ground 
      temperature across a range of areas with contrasting land-surface 
      characteristics. Mean annual T(a) (MAAT) and mean annual GST (MAGST) were 
      regionally averaged at -3.19+/-0.71 degrees C and -0.40+/-1.26 degrees C. There is a close 
      relationship between GST and T(a) (R(2)=0.8477) as obtained by a linear 
      regression analysis with all available daily averages. The mean annual 
      temperature at the bottom of the active layer (T(TOP)) was regionally averaged at 
      -0.72+/-1.01 degrees C and mostly in the range of -1.0 degrees C and 0 degrees C except at Chalaping 
      (~-2.0 degrees C). Surface offset (MAGST-MAAT) was regionally averaged at 2.54+/-0.71 degrees C. 
      Thermal offset (T(TOP)-MAGST) was regionally averaged at -0.17+/-0.84 degrees C, which was 
      generally within -0.5 degrees C and 0.5 degrees C. Relatively consistent thermal conductivity 
      between the thawed and frozen states of the soils may be responsible for the 
      small thermal offset. Active layer thickness was generally smaller at Chalaping 
      than that on other parts of the QTP, presumably due to smaller climatic 
      continentality index and the thermal dampening of surface temperature variability 
      under the presence of dense vegetation and thick peaty substrates. We conclude 
      that the accurate mapping of permafrost on the rugged elevational QTP could be 
      potentially obtained by correlating the parameters of GST, thermal offset, and 
      temperature gradient in the shallow permafrost.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Luo, Dongliang
AU  - Luo D
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China. Electronic address: luodongliang@lzb.ac.cn.
FAU - Jin, Huijun
AU  - Jin H
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China; School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 
      150090, China.
FAU - Wu, Qingbai
AU  - Wu Q
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China.
FAU - Bense, Victor F
AU  - Bense VF
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China; Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group Department of 
      Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
FAU - He, Ruixia
AU  - He R
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China.
FAU - Ma, Qiang
AU  - Ma Q
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China.
FAU - Gao, Shuhui
AU  - Gao S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China.
FAU - Jin, Xiaoying
AU  - Jin X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China.
FAU - Lu, Lanzhi
AU  - Lu L
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of 
      Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171031
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ground surface temperature
OT  - Permafrost-climate relationship
OT  - Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP)
OT  - The source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers (SAYYR)
OT  - Warm-dry permafrost
EDAT- 2017/11/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/03 06:01
CRDT- 2017/11/03 06:00
PHST- 2017/05/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/03 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(17)32425-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.083 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar 15;618:1033-1045. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.083. Epub 2017 Oct 31.