PMID- 29094747
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180523
LR  - 20190124
IS  - 2050-7895 (Electronic)
IS  - 2050-7887 (Print)
IS  - 2050-7887 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jan 24
TI  - Calibration and evaluation of PUF-PAS sampling rates across the Global 
      Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) network.
PG  - 210-219
LID - 10.1039/c7em00360a [doi]
AB  - Passive air samplers equipped with polyurethane foam (PUF-PAS) are frequently 
      used to measure persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in ambient air. Here we 
      present and evaluate a method to determine sampling rates (R(S)), and the 
      effective sampling volume (V(eff)), for gas-phase chemical compounds captured by 
      a PUF-PAS sampler deployed anywhere in the world. The method uses a mathematical 
      model that requires only publicly available hourly meteorological data, 
      physical-chemical properties of the target compound, and the deployment dates. 
      The predicted R(S) is calibrated from sampling rates determined from 5 depuration 
      compounds ((13)C PCB-9, (13)C PCB-15, (13)C PCB-32, PCB-30, and d(6)-gamma-HCH) 
      injected in 82 samples from 24 sites deployed by the Global Atmospheric Passive 
      Sampling (GAPS) network around the world. The dimensionless fitting parameter, 
      gamma, was found to be constant at 0.267 when implementing the Integrated Surface 
      Database (ISD) weather observations and 0.315 using the Modern Era 
      Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) weather dataset. The 
      model provided acceptable agreement between modelled and depuration determined 
      sampling rates, with (13)C PCB-9, (13)C PCB-32, and d(6)-gamma-HCH having mean 
      percent bias near zero (+/-6%) for both weather datasets (ISD and MERRA). The model 
      provides inexpensive and reliable PUF-PAS gas-phase R(S) and V(eff) when 
      depuration compounds produce unusual or suspect results and for sites where the 
      use of depuration compounds is impractical, such as sites experiencing low 
      average wind speeds, very cold temperatures, or remote locations.
FAU - Herkert, Nicholas J
AU  - Herkert NJ
AD  - Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and 
      Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 SC, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. 
      keri-hornbuckle@uiowa.edu.
FAU - Spak, Scott N
AU  - Spak SN
FAU - Smith, Austen
AU  - Smith A
FAU - Schuster, Jasmin K
AU  - Schuster JK
FAU - Harner, Tom
AU  - Harner T
FAU - Martinez, Andres
AU  - Martinez A
FAU - Hornbuckle, Keri C
AU  - Hornbuckle KC
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 ES005605/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P42 ES007381/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P42 ES013661/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Sci Process Impacts
JT  - Environmental science. Processes & impacts
JID - 101601576
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Polyurethanes)
RN  - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane)
RN  - 9009-54-5 (polyurethane foam)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Calibration
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - *Models, Theoretical
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - Polyurethanes/*chemistry
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Wind
PMC - PMC5783774
MID - NIHMS917399
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: There are no conflicts to declare.
EDAT- 2017/11/03 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/24 06:00
PMCR- 2019/01/24
CRDT- 2017/11/03 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/01/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1039/c7em00360a [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2018 Jan 24;20(1):210-219. doi: 10.1039/c7em00360a.