PMID- 29109044
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180501
LR  - 20180501
IS  - 1873-6351 (Electronic)
IS  - 0278-6915 (Linking)
VI  - 111
DP  - 2018 Jan
TI  - Target vs non-target analysis to determine pesticide residues in fruits from 
      Saudi Arabia and influence in potential risk associated with exposure.
PG  - 53-63
LID - S0278-6915(17)30658-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.060 [doi]
AB  - The occurrence of pesticide residues in fruits was determined by a target method 
      for 62 analytes and a wide scope screening method against a database of 500 
      pesticides. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were from 0.5 to 6.3 mug kg(-1) for 
      the target method and from 0.5 to 119 mug kg(-1) for the non-target. Thirty 
      samples: dates, apples, oranges, tangerines, lemons and grapefruits were selected 
      because their high consumption, except lemons and grapefruits that were to cover 
      all citrus fruits. Using the target method, 15 compounds (mostly insecticides and 
      fungicides) out of 62 pesticides (organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, 
      chloroacetanilides, triazines, triazoles, imidazoles, etc.) were detected. 
      Residues were in 100% of the samples, 80% contained at or below maximum residue 
      limits (MRLs), and 20% above. Non-target method identified several additional 
      pesticides (cypronil, fludioxonil, boscalid and pyraclostrobin in apples). The 
      highest acute risk were for acrinathrin, chlorpyrifos and imazalil with estimated 
      short-term intake (ESTI) > 100% acute reference dose (ARfD), followed by 
      imidacloprid and thiabendazole with ESTI >/= 70% ARfD. The higher chronic risk were 
      for ethion and fluvalinate with estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of 8.8 and 1.5% of 
      the admissible daily intake (ADI), respectively.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Pico, Yolanda
AU  - Pico Y
AD  - Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research 
      Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent 
      Andres Estelles s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: 
      Yolanda.Pico@uv.es.
FAU - El-Sheikh, Mohamed A
AU  - El-Sheikh MA
AD  - Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 
      P.O. Box 2455, Ryadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alfarhan, Ahmed H
AU  - Alfarhan AH
AD  - Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 
      P.O. Box 2455, Ryadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Barcelo, Damia
AU  - Barcelo D
AD  - Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 
      P.O. Box 2455, Ryadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Catalan Institute for Water Research 
      (ICRA), Parc Cientific i Tecnologic de la Universitat de Girona, C/Emili Grahit, 
      101 Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171109
PL  - England
TA  - Food Chem Toxicol
JT  - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British 
      Industrial Biological Research Association
JID - 8207483
RN  - 0 (Fungicides, Industrial)
RN  - 0 (Herbicides)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Food Contamination
MH  - Fruit/*chemistry
MH  - Fungicides, Industrial/*chemistry
MH  - Herbicides/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insecticides/*chemistry
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*chemistry
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Saudi Arabia
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Estimated daily intake (EDI)
OT  - Fruits
OT  - Pesticide residues
OT  - Risk assessment
OT  - Saudi Arabia
EDAT- 2017/11/08 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/02 06:00
CRDT- 2017/11/08 06:00
PHST- 2017/08/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/10/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/10/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/08 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0278-6915(17)30658-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.060 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Jan;111:53-63. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.060. Epub 2017 
      Nov 9.