PMID- 29112841
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180309
LR  - 20180309
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 616-617
DP  - 2018 Mar
TI  - Extraction and quantification of chlorophenolate molecules in soils spiked with 
      2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.
PG  - 179-186
LID - S0048-9697(17)33055-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.338 [doi]
AB  - The compounds 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) 
      are classified as priority pollutants, with potentially hazardous impacts on the 
      environment. In soil, dissociation of the phenol group occurs, resulting in the 
      simultaneous presence of neutral phenol and anionic phenolate. Although the 
      toxicity of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,5-TCP to soil microbiota has been suggested to be 
      mainly due to the phenolate anion, this hypothesis cannot be tested due to the 
      lack of appropriate methods of extracting and quantifying the anionic form of 
      these compounds (unlike the neutral form, which can be easily quantified). In 
      this study, we developed a method that enables extraction and quantification of 
      phenolate ions. The method could therefore be used to elucidate the processes 
      that regulate the behaviour of chlorophenolic molecules in soil and to clarify 
      the distribution and toxicity of these compounds in the edaphic environment. The 
      proposed method uses saline solutions (CaCl(2), KCl and K(2)SO(4)) of low ionic 
      strength to extract the chlorophenolate anion from soil, followed by sequential 
      transformation of the anion from the aqueous solution to an organic solvent that 
      enables subsequent identification and quantification of the molecule by gas 
      chromatography. Two soils of contrasting pH were used to test whether the 
      proposed method was practicable. The method enabled analysis of the distribution 
      of the neutral and anionic forms of the chlorophenols in both types of soil 
      considered and revealed the influence of soil pH in this distribution.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Bello, Diana
AU  - Bello D
AD  - Departamento de Bioquimica del Suelo, IIAG-CSIC, Apartado 122, 15780 Santiago de 
      Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: dianabello@iiag.csic.es.
FAU - Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen
AU  - Trasar-Cepeda C
AD  - Departamento de Bioquimica del Suelo, IIAG-CSIC, Apartado 122, 15780 Santiago de 
      Compostela, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171104
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chlorophenolate quantification
OT  - Chlorophenols
OT  - Gas chromatography
OT  - Organochlorine compounds
OT  - Soil contamination
EDAT- 2017/11/08 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/08 06:01
CRDT- 2017/11/08 06:00
PHST- 2017/08/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/10/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/10/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/08 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(17)33055-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.338 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar;616-617:179-186. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.338. Epub 2017 Nov 4.