PMID- 29122390
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190628
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1600-0641 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-8278 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Feb
TI  - Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence?
PG  - 335-352
LID - S0168-8278(17)32335-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.021 [doi]
AB  - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common forms 
      of chronic liver disease worldwide and its prevalence is expected to continue 
      rising. NAFLD has traditionally been considered a consequence of metabolic 
      syndrome (MetS). However, the link between NAFLD and MetS components, especially 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular disease 
      (CVD) is more complex than previously thought. Indeed, the adverse effects of 
      NAFLD extend far beyond the liver, with a large body of clinical evidence now 
      suggesting that NAFLD may precede and/or promote the development of T2DM, HTN and 
      atherosclerosis/CVD. The risk of developing these cardiometabolic diseases 
      parallels the underlying severity of NAFLD. Accumulating evidence suggests that 
      the presence and severity of NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of 
      incident T2DM and HTN. Moreover, long-term prospective studies indicate that the 
      presence and severity of NAFLD independently predicts fatal and nonfatal CVD 
      events. In this review, we critically discuss the rapidly expanding body of 
      clinical evidence that supports the existence of a bi-directional relationship 
      between NAFLD and various components of MetS, particularly T2DM and HTN, as well 
      as the current knowledge regarding a strong association between NAFLD and CVD 
      morbidity and mortality. Finally, we discuss the most updated putative biological 
      mechanisms through which NAFLD may contribute to the development of HTN, T2DM and 
      CVD.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by 
      Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lonardo, Amedeo
AU  - Lonardo A
AD  - Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural 
      Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 
      Modena, Italy.
FAU - Nascimbeni, Fabio
AU  - Nascimbeni F
AD  - Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural 
      Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 
      Modena, Italy.
FAU - Mantovani, Alessandro
AU  - Mantovani A
AD  - Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 
      University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Targher, Giovanni
AU  - Targher G
AD  - Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 
      University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.targher@univr.it.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20171106
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hepatol
JT  - Journal of hepatology
JID - 8503886
SB  - IM
MH  - Atherosclerosis/*epidemiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology
MH  - Disease Management
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/*epidemiology
MH  - *Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Hypertension
OT  - NAFLD
OT  - NASH
EDAT- 2017/11/11 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/30 06:00
CRDT- 2017/11/11 06:00
PHST- 2017/07/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/09/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/11 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0168-8278(17)32335-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hepatol. 2018 Feb;68(2):335-352. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.021. Epub 2017 Nov 
      6.