PMID- 29134799
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180611
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 23
DP  - 2017 Dec 5
TI  - E-Waste Driven Pollution in Pakistan: The First Evidence of Environmental and 
      Human Exposure to Flame Retardants (FRs) in Karachi City.
PG  - 13895-13905
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.7b03159 [doi]
AB  - Informal e-waste recycling activities have been shown to be a major emitter of 
      organic flame retardants (FRs), contributing to both environmental and human 
      exposure to laborers at e-waste recycling sites in some West African countries, 
      as well as in China and India. The main objective of this study was to determine 
      the levels of selected organic FRs in both air and soil samples collected from 
      areas with intensive informal e-waste recycling activities in Karachi, Pakistan. 
      Dechlorane Plus (DP) and "novel" brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were often 
      detected in high concentrations in soils, while phosphorus-based FRs (OPFRs) 
      dominated atmospheric samples. Among individual substances and substance groups, 
      decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) (726 ng/g), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) 
      (551 ng/g), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) (362 ng/g), and 
      triphenyl-phosphate ( summation operatorTPP) (296 ng/g) were found to be prevalent in soils, while 
      OPFR congeners (5903-24986 ng/m(3)) were prevalent in air. The two major e-waste 
      recycling areas (Shershah and Lyari) were highly contaminated with FRs, 
      suggesting informal e-waste recycling activities as a major emission source of 
      FRs in the environment in Karachi City. However, the hazards associated with 
      exposure to PM(2.5) appear to exceed those attributed to exposure to selected FRs 
      via inhalation and soil ingestion.
FAU - Iqbal, Mehreen
AU  - Iqbal M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0520-4972
AD  - Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental 
      Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad 
      45320, Pakistan.
FAU - Syed, Jabir Hussain
AU  - Syed JH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0942-8495
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of 
      Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China.
AD  - Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , 
      Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
FAU - Breivik, Knut
AU  - Breivik K
AD  - Norwegian Institute for Air Research , Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
AD  - University of Oslo , Department of Chemistry, Box 1033, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Chaudhry, Muhammad Jamshed Iqbal
AU  - Chaudhry MJI
AD  - WWF-Pakistan , Ferozpur Road, PO Box 5180, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
FAU - Li, Jun
AU  - Li J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3637-1642
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of 
      Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China.
FAU - Zhang, Gan
AU  - Zhang G
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of 
      Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China.
FAU - Malik, Riffat Naseem
AU  - Malik RN
AD  - Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental 
      Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad 
      45320, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171121
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Africa, Western
MH  - China
MH  - *Electronic Waste
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Flame Retardants
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
MH  - Humans
MH  - India
MH  - Pakistan
EDAT- 2017/11/15 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/12 06:00
CRDT- 2017/11/15 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/15 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.7b03159 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Dec 5;51(23):13895-13905. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03159. 
      Epub 2017 Nov 21.