PMID- 29145101
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180823
LR  - 20180823
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 618
DP  - 2018 Mar 15
TI  - The distribution and trends of persistent organic pollutants and mercury in 
      marine mammals from Canada's Eastern Arctic.
PG  - 500-517
LID - S0048-9697(17)33110-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.052 [doi]
AB  - Arctic contaminant research in the marine environment has focused on 
      organohalogen compounds and mercury mainly because they are bioaccumulative, 
      persistent and toxic. This review summarizes and discusses the patterns and 
      trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury in ringed seals (Pusa 
      hispida) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Eastern Canadian Arctic 
      relative to the rest of the Canadian Arctic. The review provides explanations for 
      these trends and looks at the implications of climate-related changes on 
      contaminants in these marine mammals in a region that has been reviewed little. 
      Presently, the highest levels of total mercury (THg) and the legacy pesticide HCH 
      in ringed seals and polar bears are found in the Western Canadian Arctic relative 
      to other locations. Whereas, highest levels of some legacy contaminants, 
      including  summation operatorPCBs, PCB 153,  summation operatorDDTs, p,p'-DDE,  summation operatorCHLs, ClBz are found in the east 
      (i.e., Ungava Bay and Labrador) and in the Beaufort Sea relative to other 
      locations. The highest levels of recent contaminants, including PBDEs and PFOS 
      are found at lower latitudes. Feeding ecology (e.g., feeding at a higher trophic 
      position) is shaping the elevated levels of THg and some legacy contaminants in 
      the west compared to the east. Spatial and temporal trends for POPs and THg are 
      underpinned by historical loadings of surface ocean reservoirs including the 
      Western Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. Trends set up by the 
      distribution of water masses across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are then 
      acted upon locally by on-going atmospheric deposition, which is the dominant 
      contributor for more recent contaminants. Warming and continued decline in sea 
      ice are likely to result in further shifts in food web structure, which are 
      likely to increase contaminant burdens in marine mammals. Monitoring of seawater 
      and a range of trophic levels would provide a better basis to inform communities 
      about contaminants in traditionally harvested foods, allow us to understand the 
      causes of contaminant trends in marine ecosystems, and to track environmental 
      response to source controls instituted under international conventions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Brown, Tanya M
AU  - Brown TM
AD  - Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada. 
      Electronic address: tanya_brown@sfu.ca.
FAU - Macdonald, Robie W
AU  - Macdonald RW
AD  - Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 
      Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada; Centre for Earth Observation Science, 
      Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 
      2N2, Canada.
FAU - Muir, Derek C G
AU  - Muir DCG
AD  - Environment Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, 
      Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada.
FAU - Letcher, Robert J
AU  - Letcher RJ
AD  - Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 
      Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20171113
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 4M7FS82U08 (Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene)
RN  - 7REL09ZX35 (pentabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aquatic Organisms
MH  - Arctic Regions
MH  - Atlantic Ocean
MH  - DDT/analysis
MH  - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Food Chain
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis
MH  - Mercury/*analysis
MH  - Newfoundland and Labrador
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - *Seals, Earless
MH  - *Ursidae
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Canadian Arctic
OT  - Marine environment
OT  - Mercury
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Spatial trends
EDAT- 2017/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/24 06:00
CRDT- 2017/11/18 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/11/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/11/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(17)33110-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.052 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar 15;618:500-517. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.052. 
      Epub 2017 Nov 13.