PMID- 29145213
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190121
LR  - 20190121
IS  - 1423-0216 (Electronic)
IS  - 1021-7401 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 4-5
DP  - 2017
TI  - Depressed Immune Responses and Accelerated Splenic Apoptosis due to Experience of 
      Food Deprivation and Inequality but not Unstable Social Status in Balb/c Mice.
PG  - 200-210
LID - 10.1159/000480732 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE(S): We aimed to show that the immune system is sensitive to the 
      detrimental effects of inequality and social injustice, and splenic vulnerability 
      to apoptosis may also increase. METHODS: In order of better determination of 
      immune responses to chronic social stress, we implemented food deprivation, food 
      intake inequality, and unstable social status (a change of cage-mate every 3 
      days) for a period of 14 days in 60 male Balb/c mice. At the end of this stress 
      period, nitric oxide (NO) production by peritoneal adherent cells and the serum 
      concentration of corticosterone were measured. Moreover, the viability of 
      peritoneal adherent cells and spleen lymphocytes was evaluated by MTT assay. The 
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was 
      done to reveal the TUNEL-reactive apoptotic bodies in the spleen. RESULTS: Our 
      results showed that food deprivation and inequality caused significant changes in 
      the apoptosis of splenic cells in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). 
      Moreover, the vital activities of lymphocytes and peritoneal adherent cells, as 
      well as NO production by the latter, increased significantly (p < 0.05). However, 
      the experience of unstable social status did not cause a further increase in the 
      viability of lymphocytes and peritoneal adherent cells, or NO production in 
      animals that were food-deprived or experienced inequality. Serum concentration of 
      corticosterone in all experimental groups, except for animals that experienced 
      unstable social status only, significantly decreased versus the control group (p 
      < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that poverty and social inequality, but 
      not unstable social status, affect immune responses and are likely involved in 
      the induction of splenic apoptosis in mice.
CI  - (c) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Aghajani, Marjan
AU  - Aghajani M
AD  - Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Vaez Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza
AU  - Vaez Mahdavi MR
FAU - Najafabadi, Mohsen Khalili
AU  - Najafabadi MK
FAU - Ghazanfari, Tooba
AU  - Ghazanfari T
FAU - Moradi, Fatemeh
AU  - Moradi F
FAU - Golchoobian, Ravieh
AU  - Golchoobian R
FAU - Askari, Hasan
AU  - Askari H
FAU - Sanadgol, Nima
AU  - Sanadgol N
FAU - Moghaddam, Ehsan Kazemi
AU  - Moghaddam EK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20171117
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Neuroimmunomodulation
JT  - Neuroimmunomodulation
JID - 9422763
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/*immunology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Food Deprivation/*physiology
MH  - Immunity, Cellular/*immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - *Social Behavior
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Spleen/*immunology/pathology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Food deprivation
OT  - Lymphocyte viability
OT  - Macrophages
OT  - Nitric oxide
OT  - Social inequality
OT  - Unstable social status
EDAT- 2017/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/22 06:00
CRDT- 2017/11/18 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 000480732 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000480732 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimmunomodulation. 2017;24(4-5):200-210. doi: 10.1159/000480732. Epub 2017 
      Nov 17.