PMID- 29177161
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 2297-4725 (Print)
IS  - 2297-475X (Electronic)
IS  - 2297-4725 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 5
DP  - 2017 Oct
TI  - Early Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Endoscopic Therapy and 
      Surveillance.
PG  - 332-338
LID - 10.1159/000459404 [doi]
AB  - Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NEN) of the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, appendix, or 
      rectum that are </=1 cm in size as well as well-differentiated with World Health 
      Organization grade 1 (G1) can be considered 'early' neuroendocrine tumors; they 
      have a very good prognosis. Regarding prognosis, neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1 
      must be distinguished from well-differentiated NET G2 and poorly differentiated 
      neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) G3. NET are increasing, with a rise in the 
      age-adjusted incidence in the USA by about 700% in the last 40 years. Earlier 
      diagnosis of NET is one of the main epidemiological changes of clinically 
      detected NEN. The general availability of high-resolution endoscopy and advanced 
      radiological imaging techniques has contributed to a shift in the discovery to 
      smaller-sized (</=10 mm) gastrointestinal and pancreatic NET and earlier tumor 
      stages at diagnosis. Thus, screening colonoscopy is effective in the early 
      diagnosis not only of colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas but also of rectal 
      NET. Endoscopic resection is the treatment of choice in NET G1 of the stomach, 
      duodenum (despite gastrinoma), and rectum that are </=10 mm in size, do not 
      infiltrate the muscularis propria (T1), and do not show angioinvasion (V0, L0). 
      Similarly, histologically proven, early pancreatic NET G1 (</=10 mm) may be managed 
      conservatively by regular surveillance. In contrast, small (</=1 cm) NET G1 of the 
      jejunum or ileum are not 'early' tumors and have to be resected surgically with 
      lymph node dissection.
FAU - Scherubl, Hans
AU  - Scherubl H
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Infectious 
      Diseases, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Cadiot, Guillaume
AU  - Cadiot G
AD  - Service d'Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Hopital Robert Debre, Reims, France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20171010
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Visc Med
JT  - Visceral medicine
JID - 101681546
PMC - PMC5697500
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Appendix
OT  - Carcinoid
OT  - Duodenum
OT  - Endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR
OT  - Endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD
OT  - Endoscopy
OT  - Gut
OT  - Neuroendocrine tumor, NET
OT  - Pancreas
OT  - Prognosis
OT  - Rectum
OT  - Small size
OT  - Stomach
OT  - Treatment
EDAT- 2017/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/28 06:01
PMCR- 2018/10/01
CRDT- 2017/11/28 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - vis-0033-0332 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000459404 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Visc Med. 2017 Oct;33(5):332-338. doi: 10.1159/000459404. Epub 2017 Oct 10.