PMID- 29202128
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2575-615X (Electronic)
IS  - 2575-615X (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017
TI  - "Toll-free" pathways for production of type I interferons.
PG  - 143-163
LID - 10.3934/Allergy.2017.3.143 [doi]
AB  - Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular 
      patterns (DAMPs) are recognized by different cellular pathogen recognition 
      receptors (PRRs), which are expressed on cell membrane or in the cytoplasm of 
      cells of the innate immune system. Nucleic acids derived from pathogens or from 
      certain cellular conditions represent a large category of PAMPs/DAMPs that 
      trigger production of type I interferons (IFN-I) in addition to pro-inflammatory 
      cytokines, by specifically binding to intracellular Toll-like receptors or 
      cytosolic receptors. These cytosolic receptors, which are not related to TLRs and 
      we call them "Toll-free" receptors, include the RNA-sensing RIG-I like receptors 
      (RLRs), the DNA-sensing HIN200 family, and cGAS, amongst others. Viruses have 
      evolved myriad strategies to evoke both host cellular and viral factors to evade 
      IFN-I-mediated innate immune responses, to facilitate their infection, 
      replication, and establishment of latency. This review outlines these "Toll-free" 
      innate immune pathways and recent updates on their regulation, with focus on 
      cellular and viral factors with enzyme activities.
FAU - Wang, Ling
AU  - Wang L
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee 
      State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
AD  - Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen 
      College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, 
      USA.
FAU - Ning, Shunbin
AU  - Ning S
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee 
      State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
AD  - Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen 
      College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R15 DE027314/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171106
PL  - United States
TA  - AIMS Allergy Immunol
JT  - AIMS allergy and immunology
JID - 101716531
PMC - PMC5710802
MID - NIHMS918441
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IFN-I
OT  - PRR
OT  - cGAS
OT  - innate immunity
COIS- Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2017/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/05 06:01
PMCR- 2017/12/01
CRDT- 2017/12/05 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3934/Allergy.2017.3.143 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - AIMS Allergy Immunol. 2017;1(3):143-163. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2017.3.143. Epub 
      2017 Nov 6.