PMID- 29204297
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 2090-2654 (Print)
IS  - 2090-2662 (Electronic)
IS  - 2090-2654 (Linking)
VI  - 2017
DP  - 2017
TI  - Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis 
      Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances?
PG  - 4960386
LID - 10.1155/2017/4960386 [doi]
LID - 4960386
AB  - BACKGROUND: Insufficient received ultraviolet B radiation (UV) is regarded as the 
      main environmental risk factor (RF) for MS in vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. 
      Nevertheless, geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) has also been proposed as a potential 
      trigger for MS in GMD hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate which 
      of these mentioned RF is correlated with long-term ultradecadal MS incidence. 
      METHODS: After a systematic search, long-term incidence reports of the United 
      Kingdom (UK), Denmark, Tayside County, Nordland County, the Orkney, and Shetland 
      Islands were selected for this retrospective time-series study. Possible lead-lag 
      relationships between MS incidence, GMD, and UV were evaluated by 
      cross-correlation analysis. RESULTS: Significant positive correlations between 
      GMD and MS incidence were seen in Tayside County (at lag of 2 years: r(S) = 
      0.38), Denmark (peak correlation at lag of 2 years: r(S) = 0.53), and UK (at lag 
      of 1 year: r(S) = 0.50). We found a positive correlation between received UV and 
      MS incidences in the Nordland at lag of 1 year (r(S) = 0.49). CONCLUSION: This 
      study found significant positive correlations between alterations in GMD with 
      alterations in long-term MS incidence in three out of six studied locations and 
      supports the GMD hypothesis. The observed significant correlation between MS and 
      UV is positive; hence it is not supportive for UV related vitamin D deficiency 
      hypothesis.
FAU - Sajedi, Seyed Aidin
AU  - Sajedi SA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6704-9787
AD  - Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AD  - Multiple Sclerosis Center, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran.
FAU - Abdollahi, Fahimeh
AU  - Abdollahi F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9226-3710
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of 
      Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171024
PL  - Egypt
TA  - Mult Scler Int
JT  - Multiple sclerosis international
JID - 101566861
PMC - PMC5674510
EDAT- 2017/12/06 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/06 06:01
PMCR- 2017/10/24
CRDT- 2017/12/06 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/08/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/12/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2017/4960386 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mult Scler Int. 2017;2017:4960386. doi: 10.1155/2017/4960386. Epub 2017 Oct 24.