PMID- 29204439
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180730
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2314-6141 (Electronic)
IS  - 2314-6133 (Print)
VI  - 2017
DP  - 2017
TI  - The Immunomodulatory Imbalance in Patients with Ketamine Cystitis.
PG  - 2329868
LID - 10.1155/2017/2329868 [doi]
LID - 2329868
AB  - The pathogenesis of ketamine cystitis (KC) has been recently linked with immune 
      response to patients but the same has not yet been established. Hence, this study 
      aims to propose a possible immune mechanism of irreversible bladder damage caused 
      by KC. A total of 53 KC patients and 21 healthy volunteers as controls have been 
      retrospectively assessed. The levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-6, and 
      IFN-gamma of KC patients were significantly higher than those of controls, whereas 
      the TGF-beta levels of KC patients substantially reduced but the IL-2 and IL-4 
      levels of KC patients were comparable to those of controls. Moreover, the KC 
      patients had significantly higher counts of T(H)1, T(H)2, and T(H)17 cells than 
      those of controls. The immune response of KC users may begin with the IL-6 
      production and differentiation of T(H)17 and may be followed by alternating 
      between high expressions of T(H)1 and T(H)2. The IL-6 may further suppress the 
      T(REG) cells which can aggravate chronic inflammation in KC patients and the 
      imbalance in T(H)17 and T(REG) cells may involve the pathogenesis of KC. Further 
      investigation is needed to define the role of IL-6 in 
      T(H)1/T(H)2/T(H)17-regulated signaling pathway in ketamine-induced cystitis.
FAU - Fan, Gang-Yi
AU  - Fan GY
AD  - Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Cherng, Juin-Hong
AU  - Cherng JH
AD  - Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Chang, Shu-Jen
AU  - Chang SJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6203-057X
AD  - Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Poongodi, Raju
AU  - Poongodi R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6050-2091
AD  - Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Chang, Adrienne
AU  - Chang A
AD  - Department of Chemistry, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
FAU - Wu, Sheng-Tang
AU  - Wu ST
AD  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, 
      National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
FAU - Meng, En
AU  - Meng E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1262-5361
AD  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, 
      National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171024
PL  - United States
TA  - Biomed Res Int
JT  - BioMed research international
JID - 101600173
RN  - 0 (IFNG protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
RN  - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cystitis/*immunology/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunity, Innate
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Interferon-gamma/blood
MH  - Interleukin-2/blood/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-4/blood/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-6/blood/immunology
MH  - Ketamine/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Th1 Cells/*immunology
MH  - Th17 Cells/*immunology
MH  - Th2 Cells/*immunology
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta/blood/immunology
PMC - PMC5674484
EDAT- 2017/12/06 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/31 06:00
PMCR- 2017/10/24
CRDT- 2017/12/06 06:00
PHST- 2017/07/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/12/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2017/2329868 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2329868. doi: 10.1155/2017/2329868. Epub 2017 Oct 24.