PMID- 29209805
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180315
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 190
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Dec 6
TI  - Selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water of River Niger: occurrence 
      and distribution.
PG  - 6
LID - 10.1007/s10661-017-6378-4 [doi]
AB  - This study assessed the levels and distribution of selected persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) in water of River Niger. The selected POPs of interest were 
      organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Fifteen representative sites along River Niger: 
      three each from Gurara River (tributary) in Niger State, Lokoja (confluence) in 
      Kogi State, Onitsha in Anambra State, Brass and Nicolas Rivers (tributaries) in 
      Bayelsa State were selected for sampling quarterly over a 24-month period. A 
      total of 240 surface and bottom water samples were collected using Van Dorn water 
      sampler in the eight quarters of 2008-2009. At the Delta locations where tidal 
      effects take place, high- and low-tide water samples were taken as compared to 
      surface and bottom at the River Niger locations. For sample extraction, EPA 
      method 3510c was employed with slight modifications. Certified reference 
      standards from Accustandards USA was used for the instrument calibration and 
      quantification of OCPs. The extracted samples were subjected to gas 
      chromatography (GC/ECD) for identification/quantification. And Shimadzu GCMS 
      QP2010 was used for confirmation. Chlordane, endosulfan, endrin and DDT 
      metabolites were very prominent in the water samples, compared to HCH, dieldrin, 
      and isomers which occurred at lower concentrations. The sequence in the 
      concentration of the organochlorine pesticides were  summation operatorchlordane >  summation operatorDDT > 
       summation operatorendosulfan >  summation operatorendrine >  summation operatordieldrin >  summation operatorHCH. The highest concentration of  summation operatorOCPs in 
      water samples of River Niger, 1138.0 +/- 246.7 ng/L, with range 560.8-1629 ng/L was 
      detected at Onitsha location, while the lowest concentration, 292.6 +/- 74.9, with 
      range 181-443.0 ng/L was detected at Nicolas River. Levels of OCPs in a larger 
      percentage of the samples exceeded guidelines and therefore hold potential 
      harmful effects on benthic fauna, fish, and man. Abstraction of water from the 
      River for drinking water treatment should be discouraged. Because of the 
      potential danger, this presents, continuous monitoring of the water body and if 
      possible remediation, determination of the sources of the POPs is therefore very 
      necessary.
FAU - Unyimadu, J P
AU  - Unyimadu JP
AD  - Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Osibanjo, O
AU  - Osibanjo O
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
FAU - Babayemi, J O
AU  - Babayemi JO
AD  - Department of Chemical and Food Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, 
      Nigeria. babayemola@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171206
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - Niger
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Rivers/chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - River Niger
EDAT- 2017/12/07 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/16 06:00
CRDT- 2017/12/07 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/11/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/12/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-017-6378-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-017-6378-4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Dec 6;190(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6378-4.