PMID- 29216393
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181003
LR  - 20190103
IS  - 1742-3406 (Electronic)
IS  - 0144-8420 (Linking)
VI  - 179
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 May 1
TI  - MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF OUT-OF-FIELD ORGAN DOSES AND CANCER RISK IN TANZANIA 
      FOR RADIATION THERAPY OF UNILATERAL RETINOBLASTOMA USING A 60Co UNIT.
PG  - 263-270
LID - 10.1093/rpd/ncx269 [doi]
AB  - The use of 60Co teletherapy unit for the treatment of unilateral retinoblastoma 
      (Rb) patients is a very common procedure in many developing countries including 
      Tanzania. The aim of this study was to estimate organ-specific absorbed doses 
      from an external beam radiation therapy 60Co unit for unilateral Rb and to assess 
      the risks of the patients developing a secondary primary cancer. The absorbed 
      dose estimations were based on a Monte Carlo method and a set of age-dependent 
      computational male phantoms. The estimated doses were used to calculate the 
      secondary cancer risks in out-of-field organs using the Biological Effects of 
      Ionising Radiation VII risk models. The survival information and baseline cancer 
      risks were based on relevant statistics for the Tanzanian population. The 
      resulting out-of-field organ doses data showed that organs which are close to the 
      target volume, such as the brain, salivary glands and thyroid glands, received 
      the highest absorbed dose from scattered photons during the treatment of Rb. It 
      was also found that the resulting photons dose to specific organs depends on the 
      patient's age. Younger patients are more sensitive to radiation and also received 
      higher dose contributions from the treatment head due to a larger part of the 
      body exposed to the photon radiation. In all sites considered, the overall risks 
      associated with radiation-induced secondary cancer were relatively lower than the 
      baseline risks. Thus, the results in this article can help to provide good 
      estimations of radiation-induced secondary cancer after radiation treatment of 
      unilateral Rb using 60Co teletherapy unit in Tanzania and other developing 
      countries.
FAU - Suleiman, Suleiman Ameir
AU  - Suleiman SA
AD  - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China.
AD  - Radiation Control Directorate, Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, PO Box 743, 
      Arusha, Tanzania.
FAU - Qi, Yaping
AU  - Qi Y
AD  - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China.
FAU - Pi, Yifei
AU  - Pi Y
AD  - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China.
FAU - George Xu, X
AU  - George Xu X
AD  - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, PR China.
AD  - Nuclear Engineering Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Radiat Prot Dosimetry
JT  - Radiation protection dosimetry
JID - 8109958
RN  - 0 (Cobalt Radioisotopes)
RN  - 5C8182XDPZ (Cobalt-60)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cobalt Radioisotopes/*adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Monte Carlo Method
MH  - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Neoplasms, Second Primary/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Organs at Risk/*radiation effects
MH  - *Phantoms, Imaging
MH  - Radiotherapy Dosage
MH  - Retinoblastoma/*radiotherapy
MH  - Tanzania/epidemiology
EDAT- 2017/12/08 06:00
MHDA- 2018/10/04 06:00
CRDT- 2017/12/08 06:00
PHST- 2017/06/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/12/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/10/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/12/08 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 4683945 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/rpd/ncx269 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2018 May 1;179(3):263-270. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncx269.