PMID- 29219634
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180725
LR  - 20240407
IS  - 1369-1627 (Electronic)
IS  - 0954-0261 (Print)
IS  - 0954-0261 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 6
DP  - 2017 Dec
TI  - Using molecular imaging to understand early schizophrenia-related psychosis 
      neurochemistry: a review of human studies.
PG  - 555-566
LID - 10.1080/09540261.2017.1396205 [doi]
AB  - Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder generally preceded by a so-called 
      prodromal phase, which is characterized by attenuated psychotic symptoms. 
      Advances in clinical research have enabled prospective identification of those 
      individuals who are at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, with the power to 
      predict psychosis onset within the near future. Changes in several brain 
      neurochemical systems and molecular mechanisms are implicated in the 
      pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the psychosis spectrum, including the 
      dopaminergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic, glutamatergic, endocannabinoid, 
      and immunologic (i.e. glial activation) system and other promising future 
      directions such as synaptic density, which are possible to quantify in vivo using 
      positron emission tomography (PET). This paper aims to review in vivo PET studies 
      in the mentioned systems in the early course of psychosis (i.e. CHR and 
      first-episode psychosis (FEP)). The results of reviewed studies are promising; 
      however, the current understanding of the underlying pathology of psychosis is 
      still limited. Importantly, promising efforts involve the development of novel 
      PET radiotracers targeting systems with growing interest in schizophrenia, like 
      the nociceptive system and synaptic density.
FAU - Schifani, Christin
AU  - Schifani C
AD  - a Research Imaging Centre , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON 
      , Canada.
FAU - Hafizi, Sina
AU  - Hafizi S
AD  - a Research Imaging Centre , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON 
      , Canada.
FAU - Da Silva, Tania
AU  - Da Silva T
AD  - a Research Imaging Centre , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON 
      , Canada.
FAU - Watts, Jeremy Joseph
AU  - Watts JJ
AD  - a Research Imaging Centre , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON 
      , Canada.
FAU - Khan, M Saad
AU  - Khan MS
AD  - a Research Imaging Centre , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON 
      , Canada.
FAU - Mizrahi, Romina
AU  - Mizrahi R
AD  - a Research Imaging Centre , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , ON 
      , Canada.
AD  - b Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Centre for Addiction and 
      Mental Health , Toronto , ON , Canada.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH100043/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20171208
PL  - England
TA  - Int Rev Psychiatry
JT  - International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)
JID - 8918131
SB  - IM
MH  - Age of Onset
MH  - Brain/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Imaging/*methods
MH  - *Neurochemistry
MH  - *Positron-Emission Tomography
MH  - Psychotic Disorders/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Schizophrenia/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
MH  - *Schizophrenic Psychology
PMC - PMC8011813
MID - NIHMS1682597
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Positron emission tomography
OT  - at risk mental state
OT  - clinical high risk
OT  - first episode
OT  - schizophrenia
OT  - ultra-high risk
COIS- Disclosure statement The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors 
      alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
EDAT- 2017/12/09 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/26 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/31
CRDT- 2017/12/09 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/12/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1080/09540261.2017.1396205 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Rev Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;29(6):555-566. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1396205. 
      Epub 2017 Dec 8.