PMID- 29254525
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180731
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1873-2607 (Electronic)
IS  - 0749-3797 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 1S1
DP  - 2018 Jan
TI  - Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Linking 
      Intermediate Outcomes and Health Outcomes in Prevention.
PG  - S4-S10
LID - S0749-3797(17)30487-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.032 [doi]
AB  - The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent body of 
      experts who make evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive 
      services using a transparent and objective process. Developing recommendations on 
      a clinical preventive service requires evidence of its effect on health outcomes. 
      Health outcomes are symptoms, functional levels, and conditions that affect a 
      patient's quantity or quality of life and are measured by assessments of physical 
      or psychologic well-being. Intermediate outcomes are pathologic, physiologic, 
      psychologic, social, or behavioral measures related to a preventive service. 
      Given the frequent lack of evidence on health outcomes, the USPSTF uses evidence 
      on intermediate outcomes when appropriate. The ultimate goal is to determine 
      precisely a consistent relationship between the direction and magnitude of change 
      in an intermediate outcome with a predictable resultant direction and magnitude 
      of change in the health outcomes. The USPSTF reviewed its historical use of 
      intermediate outcomes, reviewed methods of other evidence-based guideline-making 
      bodies, consulted with other experts, and reviewed scientific literature. Most 
      important were the established criteria for causation, tenets of evidence-based 
      medicine, and consistency with its current standards. Studies that follow 
      participants over time following early treatment, stratify patients according to 
      treatment response, and adjust for important confounders can provide useful 
      information about the association between intermediate and health outcomes. 
      However, such studies remain susceptible to residual confounding. The USPSTF will 
      exercise great caution when making a recommendation that depends on the evidence 
      linking intermediate and health outcomes because of inherent evidence 
      limitations.
CI  - Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Wolff, Tracy A
AU  - Wolff TA
AD  - Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland. Electronic 
      address: tracy.wolff@ahrq.hhs.gov.
FAU - Krist, Alex H
AU  - Krist AH
AD  - Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
FAU - LeFevre, Michael
AU  - LeFevre M
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, 
      Missouri.
FAU - Jonas, Daniel E
AU  - Jonas DE
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 
      North Carolina; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of 
      North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
FAU - Harris, Russell P
AU  - Harris RP
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 
      North Carolina; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of 
      North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
FAU - Siu, Albert
AU  - Siu A
AD  - Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of 
      Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York.
FAU - Owens, Douglas K
AU  - Owens DK
AD  - Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department 
      of Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, 
      Stanford University, Stanford, California.
FAU - Gillman, Matthew W
AU  - Gillman MW
AD  - Division of Chronic Disease Across the Lifecourse, Harvard Medical School and 
      Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Massachusetts; Environmental Influences on 
      Child Health Outcomes Program, Office of the Director, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.
FAU - Ebell, Mark H
AU  - Ebell MH
AD  - College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
FAU - Herzstein, Jessica
AU  - Herzstein J
AD  - Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 
      Washington, District of Columbia.
FAU - Chou, Roger
AU  - Chou R
AD  - Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science 
      University, Portland, Oregon.
FAU - Whitlock, Evelyn
AU  - Whitlock E
AD  - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.
FAU - Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten
AU  - Bibbins-Domingo K
AD  - School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Am J Prev Med
JT  - American journal of preventive medicine
JID - 8704773
SB  - IM
MH  - Advisory Committees/*standards
MH  - Evidence-Based Medicine/standards
MH  - Humans
MH  - Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/*methods
MH  - Preventive Health Services/*standards
MH  - United States
EDAT- 2017/12/20 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/01 06:00
CRDT- 2017/12/20 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/08/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0749-3797(17)30487-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.032 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Prev Med. 2018 Jan;54(1S1):S4-S10. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.032.