PMID- 29254964
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180629
LR  - 20190129
IS  - 1471-2970 (Electronic)
IS  - 0962-8436 (Print)
IS  - 0962-8436 (Linking)
VI  - 373
IP  - 1739
DP  - 2018 Feb 5
TI  - Exploring the geochemical distribution of organic carbon in early land plants: a 
      novel approach.
LID - 10.1098/rstb.2016.0499 [doi]
LID - 20160499
AB  - Terrestrialization depended on the evolution of biosynthetic pathways for 
      biopolymers including lignin, cutin and suberin, which were concentrated in 
      specific tissues, layers or organs such as the xylem, cuticle and roots on the 
      submillimetre scale. However, it is often difficult, or even impossible 
      especially for individual cells, to resolve the biomolecular composition of the 
      different components of fossil plants on such a scale using the well-established 
      coupled techniques of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid 
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. Here, we report the application of techniques 
      for surface analysis to investigate the composition of Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii 
      X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of two different spots (both 300 microm x 600 microm) 
      confirmed the presence of carbon. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry 
      (ToF-SIMS) revealed 'chemical maps' (imaging mode with 300 nm resolution) of 
      aliphatic and aromatic carbon in the intact fossil that correlate with the 
      vascular structures observed in high-resolution optical images. This study shows 
      that imaging ToF-SIMS has value for determining the location of the molecular 
      components of fossil embryophytes while retaining structural information that 
      will help elucidate how terrestrialization shaped the early evolution of land 
      plant cell wall biochemistry.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 
      'The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited'.
CI  - (c) 2017 The Author(s).
FAU - Abbott, Geoffrey D
AU  - Abbott GD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9803-8215
AD  - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Drummond 
      Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK geoff.abbott@ncl.ac.uk.
FAU - Fletcher, Ian W
AU  - Fletcher IW
AD  - National EPSRC XPS Users' Service (NEXUS), School of Engineering, Newcastle 
      University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
FAU - Tardio, Sabrina
AU  - Tardio S
AD  - National EPSRC XPS Users' Service (NEXUS), School of Engineering, Newcastle 
      University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
FAU - Hack, Ethan
AU  - Hack E
AD  - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley 
      Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
JT  - Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological 
      sciences
JID - 7503623
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbon/*analysis
MH  - Embryophyta/*chemistry
MH  - Fossils/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Organic Chemicals/analysis
MH  - Paleontology/*methods
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion/*methods
PMC - PMC5745335
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
OT  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
OT  - terrestrialization
OT  - time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
OT  - 'chemical maps'
COIS- We declare we have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2017/12/20 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/30 06:00
PMCR- 2017/12/18
CRDT- 2017/12/20 06:00
PHST- 2017/07/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/12/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - rstb.2016.0499 [pii]
AID - rstb20160499 [pii]
AID - 10.1098/rstb.2016.0499 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Feb 5;373(1739):20160499. doi: 
      10.1098/rstb.2016.0499.