PMID- 29256082
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180205
LR  - 20180710
IS  - 1618-2650 (Electronic)
IS  - 1618-2642 (Linking)
VI  - 410
IP  - 5
DP  - 2018 Feb
TI  - Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 
      pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive 
      liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PG  - 1533-1550
LID - 10.1007/s00216-017-0798-4 [doi]
AB  - A simple and efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique (DLLME) 
      was developed by using a mixture of two solvents: 40 muL of tetrachlorethylene 
      (extraction solvent) and 1.0 mL of methanol (disperser solvent), which was 
      rapidly injected with a syringe into 10 mL of water sample. Some important 
      parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as type and volume of 
      solvents, water sample volume, extraction time, temperature, pH adjustment and 
      salt addition effect were investigated. Simultaneous determination of 34 commonly 
      used pesticides was performed by using gas chromatography coupled with mass 
      spectrometry (GC-MS). The procedure has been validated in order to obtain the 
      highest efficiency at the lowest concentration levels of analytes to fulfill the 
      requirements of regulations on maximum residue limits. Under the optimum 
      conditions, the linearity range was within 0.0096-100 mug L(-1). The limits of 
      detection (LODs) of the developed DLLME-GC-MS methodology for all investigated 
      pesticides were in the range of 0.0032 (endrin)-0.0174 (diazinon) mug L(-1) and 
      limits of quantification (LOQs) from 0.0096 to 0.052 mug L(-1). At lower 
      concentration of 1 mug L(-1) for each pesticide, recoveries ranged between 84% 
      (tebufenpyrad) and 108% (deltamethrin) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) 
      (n = 7) from 1.1% (metconazole) to 11% (parathion-mehtyl). This methodology was 
      successfully applied to check contamination of environmental samples. The 
      procedure has proved to be selective, sensitive and precise for the simultaneous 
      determination of various pesticides. The optimized analytical method is very 
      simple and rapid (less than 5 min). Graphical abstract Analytical procedure for 
      testing water samples consists of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction 
      (DLLME) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
FAU - Tankiewicz, Maciej
AU  - Tankiewicz M
AD  - Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with 
      Subfaculty of Nursing and Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical 
      University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland. 
      tankiewicz@gumed.edu.pl.
FAU - Biziuk, Marek
AU  - Biziuk M
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of 
      Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
LA  - eng
GR  - Project for Young Scientists (MN 01-0212/08/322)/Ministry of Science and Higher 
      Education in Poland/
GR  - DEC-2011/01/N/ST4/01977/National Science Centre in Poland/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171218
PL  - Germany
TA  - Anal Bioanal Chem
JT  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
JID - 101134327
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
OT  - Gas chromatography
OT  - Mass spectrometry
OT  - Multi-residue method
OT  - Pesticides
OT  - Water samples
EDAT- 2017/12/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/20 06:01
CRDT- 2017/12/20 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/12/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/11/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-017-0798-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-017-0798-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 Feb;410(5):1533-1550. doi: 10.1007/s00216-017-0798-4. 
      Epub 2017 Dec 18.