PMID- 29259984
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180727
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 2314-6141 (Electronic)
IS  - 2314-6133 (Print)
VI  - 2017
DP  - 2017
TI  - mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain.
PG  - 7082696
LID - 10.1155/2017/7082696 [doi]
LID - 7082696
AB  - The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a molecular complex equipped with 
      kinase activity which controls cell viability being key in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt 
      pathway. mTOR acts by integrating a number of environmental stimuli to regulate 
      cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and protein synthesis. These effects are 
      based on the modulation of different metabolic pathways. Upregulation of mTOR 
      associates with various pathological conditions, such as obesity, 
      neurodegeneration, and brain tumors. This is the case of high-grade gliomas with 
      a high propensity to proliferation and tissue invasion. Glioblastoma Multiforme 
      (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant, aggressive, and lethal glioma. To date, a few 
      treatments are available although the outcome of GBM patients remains poor. 
      Experimental and pathological findings suggest that mTOR upregulation plays a 
      major role in determining an aggressive phenotype, thus determining relapse and 
      chemoresistance. Among several activities, mTOR-induced autophagy suppression is 
      key in GBM malignancy. In this article, we discuss recent evidence about mTOR 
      signaling and its role in normal brain development and pathological conditions, 
      with a special emphasis on its role in GBM.
FAU - Ryskalin, Larisa
AU  - Ryskalin L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3150-1863
AD  - Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and 
      Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
FAU - Lazzeri, Gloria
AU  - Lazzeri G
AD  - Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and 
      Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
FAU - Flaibani, Marina
AU  - Flaibani M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6284-5699
AD  - Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and 
      Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
FAU - Biagioni, Francesca
AU  - Biagioni F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3566-4889
AD  - I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia, Italy.
FAU - Gambardella, Stefano
AU  - Gambardella S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3727-4502
AD  - I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia, Italy.
FAU - Frati, Alessandro
AU  - Frati A
AD  - I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia, Italy.
FAU - Fornai, Francesco
AU  - Fornai F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3883-5084
AD  - Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and 
      Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
AD  - I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20171113
PL  - United States
TA  - Biomed Res Int
JT  - BioMed research international
JID - 101600173
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.67 (PTEN Phosphohydrolase)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.67 (PTEN protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - Autophagy/genetics
MH  - Brain/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology
MH  - Cell Proliferation/*genetics
MH  - Glioblastoma/*genetics/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
MH  - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics
PMC - PMC5702949
EDAT- 2017/12/21 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/28 06:00
PMCR- 2017/11/13
CRDT- 2017/12/21 06:00
PHST- 2017/07/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/10/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/12/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2017/7082696 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7082696. doi: 10.1155/2017/7082696. Epub 2017 Nov 13.