PMID- 29265147 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181228 LR - 20210217 IS - 2040-3372 (Electronic) IS - 2040-3364 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 3 DP - 2018 Jan 18 TI - Technical challenges of working with extracellular vesicles. PG - 881-906 LID - 10.1039/c7nr08360b [doi] AB - Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are gaining interest as central players in liquid biopsies, with potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic guidance in most pathological conditions. These nanosized particles transmit signals determined by their protein, lipid, nucleic acid and sugar content, and the unique molecular pattern of EVs dictates the type of signal to be transmitted to recipient cells. However, their small sizes and the limited quantities that can usually be obtained from patient-derived samples pose a number of challenges to their isolation, study and characterization. These challenges and some possible options to overcome them are discussed in this review. FAU - Ramirez, Marcel I AU - Ramirez MI AD - Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. FAU - Amorim, Maria G AU - Amorim MG AD - CIPE, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. emmanuel@cipe.accamargo.org.br. FAU - Gadelha, Catarina AU - Gadelha C AD - School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. FAU - Milic, Ivana AU - Milic I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7531-7561 AD - School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, England, UK. FAU - Welsh, Joshua A AU - Welsh JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1097-9756 AD - University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK. FAU - Freitas, Vanessa M AU - Freitas VM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9613-8626 AD - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. FAU - Nawaz, Muhammad AU - Nawaz M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0792-8296 AD - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil and University of Gothenburg, Sweden. FAU - Akbar, Naveed AU - Akbar N AD - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK. FAU - Couch, Yvonne AU - Couch Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5623-5568 AD - Acute Stroke Programme, RDM-Investigative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK. FAU - Makin, Laura AU - Makin L AD - Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK. FAU - Cooke, Fiona AU - Cooke F AD - University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK. FAU - Vettore, Andre L AU - Vettore AL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8526-5478 AD - Federal University of Sao Paulo campus Diadema, Diadema, Brazil. FAU - Batista, Patricia X AU - Batista PX AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6329-6449 AD - Federal University of Sao Paulo campus Diadema, Diadema, Brazil. FAU - Freezor, Roberta AU - Freezor R AD - London Metropolitan University, London, England, UK. FAU - Pezuk, Julia A AU - Pezuk JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5412-6619 AD - Universidade Anhanguera de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Rosa-Fernandes, Livia AU - Rosa-Fernandes L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1612-1950 AD - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. FAU - Carreira, Ana Claudia O AU - Carreira ACO AD - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. FAU - Devitt, Andrew AU - Devitt A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4651-6761 AD - School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, England, UK. FAU - Jacobs, Laura AU - Jacobs L AD - Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. FAU - Silva, Israel T AU - Silva IT AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4687-1499 AD - CIPE, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. emmanuel@cipe.accamargo.org.br. FAU - Coakley, Gillian AU - Coakley G AD - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. FAU - Nunes, Diana N AU - Nunes DN AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0751-4701 AD - CIPE, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. emmanuel@cipe.accamargo.org.br. FAU - Carter, Dave AU - Carter D AD - Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England, UK. FAU - Palmisano, Giuseppe AU - Palmisano G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1336-6151 AD - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil and IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. FAU - Dias-Neto, Emmanuel AU - Dias-Neto E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5670-8559 AD - CIPE, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. emmanuel@cipe.accamargo.org.br and Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. LA - eng GR - BB/E002080/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom GR - MR/N01037X/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - England TA - Nanoscale JT - Nanoscale JID - 101525249 RN - 0 (Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Nucleic Acids) RN - 0 (Proteins) SB - IM MH - Carbohydrates MH - Extracellular Vesicles/*chemistry MH - Humans MH - Lipids MH - Nucleic Acids MH - Prognosis MH - Proteins EDAT- 2017/12/22 06:00 MHDA- 2018/12/29 06:00 CRDT- 2017/12/22 06:00 PHST- 2017/12/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/12/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/12/22 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/c7nr08360b [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nanoscale. 2018 Jan 18;10(3):881-906. doi: 10.1039/c7nr08360b.